初中阶段常见的指示代词有四个,分别是one,it,this(these),that (those)。掌握以下三点可以让你在这类考题中应付自如:
一、this/these & that/those
1. this / these指代较近的人或物,也可以介绍别人;that / those 指代较远的人或物。例:
This is my math teacher, and that is my English teacher.
这是我的数学老师,那是我的英语老师。
2. 打电话时用this代指自己;用that代指对方。例:
Hello! This is Lily speaking. Who's that?
您好!我是莉莉,您是?
3. 表示比较时用that代指前文出现的不可数名词;可数名词复数用those代指。例:
Robots in the movies look more like humans than those today.
电影中的机器人比现在的机器人看起来更像人类。
4. 在疑问句中,如果句子主语是this,that,these或those,回答时用it代替this或者that,用they代替these或those。例:
—Is this/that your book? 这/那是你的书么?
—Yes, it is. 是的。
二、辨析it/one/that
1. it:特指上下文提到的对象是同一事物;
2. one:泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个,同类而不同物;
3. that:常用于比较结构中代替前面提到的名词,以避免重复。
例:
The book is mine, it's interesting.
这本书是我的,它非常有趣。
—Who has a novel named Tiny Times?
—谁有一本名为《小时代》的小说?
—I have one.
—我有一本。
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.
北京的天气比上海的更冷。
三、it 的用法
1. 指代上文已经提到或下文将要提到的事或物。例:
He told Lucy that she should take a good rest, but it didn't help.
他告诉露西要好好休息,但是没起作用。
2. 指自然天气、时间、距离、温度等。例:
It's not far from here to the airport.
从这儿到机场不远。
3. 作形式主语,代替由不定式或从句等所表示的真正主语。
句型
意思
It's+adj.+(for sb.)+to do sth.
对某人来说做……怎么样
It's time to do /for/that…
到……的时间了
It's one's turn to do sth.
轮到某人做……了
It's+adj.+that从句
……是……的
It seems that…
看起来似乎……
It takes/took sb.+一段时间+to do sth.
花费某人一段时间去做某事
例:
It's time for lunch.
到了午饭时间了。
4. 作形式宾语,代替由不定式或者从句所表示的真正宾语,常用在动词find,think,make,consider,feel等后。例:
I found it important to learn English well.
我发现学好英语很重要。