一.冠词
1.1 不定冠词:
不定冠词有a 和an 两个
常考用法:
(1)当第一次提到某人或某物时 例:---What is this? ---it’s a new bus stop. (2) 指某人或某物,
例: A man is waiting for you outside. (3) 用在序数词前,
例: Tom’s son was born in 2000. (4) 用于可视为一体的两个名词前 例:a knife and fork
(5) 用在某些固定词组中 例:a lot (of) 许多 a few 一些 have a cold a number of
have a good time have a swim=swim have a look=look
1.2 定冠词the :既表示“这个”,“那个”,又表示“这些”,“那些”;既可用在单数名词前,也可用于单数名词前。 常考用法:
(1)特指某(些)
例:The lovely girl is my best friend. (2)表示世界上独一无二的事物
例:the sun太阳 the moon 月亮 the sky 天空 (3)在序数词、形容词最高级前
例:Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. (4)习惯用法.
例:in the morning in the afternoon in the evening
1.3 不使用冠词的特殊情况
(1)国名,人名前通常不用冠词
例: I’m from England and my name is Mary. (2)表示交通工具、
例: I usually go to school on foot, but sometimes I go to school by bike. (3)季节、月份、节日
例:We go to school from Monday to Friday. (4)在三餐、球类运动 例:have breakfast play chess 玩象棋
play basketball
二.介词
2.1 常考时间介词:
(1)at :表示具体的点钟或固定搭配中 例:at noon, at night, at 7 o (2) in: 表示一段时间 以用于表示 例:in the twenty
(3)on :主要用于在星期几 例:on Midon June 1
2.2 常考地点介词
(1)in, on, to:in 在某一地区之内的某方位 to 表示在某一地区之外的某方位 on 表示与某地的毗邻关系
例:Fujian is in the southeast of China. China is to the west of Japan.
(2) at, in, on: at 表示较小的地点 in 表示较大的地方 on 表示在一个平面上
例:at the bus stop, at home; in China, in the world;
on the farm, on the playground. 2.3 易混介词辨析 (1) in 和on 的区别:
on the tree 表示枝、叶果实等长在树上; in the tree 表示人或其他东西在树上; on the wall表示东西粘贴或挂在墙上; in the wall 表示门、窗等嵌在墙上. (2) between 和among 的区别
between 常指“在两者之间”;among 用于指“在三者或三者以上的人或物之间”。 例: Mary sits between Lucy and Lily. Miss. Wang stands among her students. across 和 through 的区别:
across 含有“从……表面穿过”之意,表示游渡、乘船过海或 过河时用across;
through 含有“从……中间穿过”之意。 例:He can swim across the river.
She had to push her way through the crowd to get her son.
三.连词:连词是一种虚词,
的作用。连词分为并列连词和从属连词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词分为并列连词和从属连词。
3.1 并列连词:用来连接具有并列关系的词 (1)表并列关系:and, both…and,
(2)
(2)表选择关系:or, either…or等。除了表示选择关系外,or 还有“否则”之意。 例:Do you like apples or bananas?
Either you or Jack must come here tomorrow. Hurry up, or you’ll be late for school.
(3)表转折关系:but, yet, while(然而)等。 例:The watch was cheap, but it goes quite well. He said he was our friend, yet he wouldn’t help us.
(4) 表因果关系: for,so 等。
例: I had a fever yesterday, so I didn’t want to do anything. He was late, for the traffic is always busy in the morning. 注:for 表示结果通常不能放句首,也不能单独使用
四.代词
代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、关系代词和不定代词等。其中我们会重点来复习人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、疑问代词和不定代词。
4.4 疑问代词:
. (1)常见疑问代词:who /whom 谁(指人);whose 谁的;which 哪一个,哪一些;what 什么。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。
(2)how:如何,怎样 how many——
How many people are there in your family? how much—-
How much sugar do you want? how long——
How long is your summer holiday? how soon——
--How soon will you leave Beijing? --In two days how often——
How often do you go to your how far——
How far is it from your school to the post office?
4.5 不定代词:不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词 常用不定代词:
(1)一定范围内两人(物): one…the other 例:I have two hands. One is left (2) another: 泛指另一个:
例: This kind of cake is very delicious. I want another. (3) other: 常用句式some…
例: There are many people in the park. Some are singing, others are dancing, morning exercise.
(4) the others 指剩余的全部,只能指可数名词,指不可数名词应用the rest; (5) both, either, neither, all, any, none
(7) 复合不定代词:复合不定代词由some, any, no, every 加上-body, -thing,-one 构成。这些复合不定代词只具有名词性质,用作单数,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。带some 的一般用于肯定句,而带any 的一般用于否定句和疑问句。
注:复合不定代词被定语所修饰时,定语必须放在它的后面。 例:
There is something wrong with the radio.