英语句子成分及结构句子成分主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语 一．主语 主语： 主语 A mooncake is a delicious, round cake. I don’t know if it will grow. One of them is English. To win the game is difficult. 二. 谓语 谓语: I saw a girl. I love you. You should work hard. You had better take a bus. 三．宾语 宾语 I saw a cat in the tree. We think you are right. My father bought me a book. We call him LaoWang. We find the little girl in the hill. 四．定语 定语 That is a beautiful flower. This is my book,not your book. I have a lot of things to do. 五．状语 状语 He is playing under the tree.（地点） Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.(时间) The house is dirty for the reason that he didn’t clean it.(原因) He buys a gift to make her happy.（目地） If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. （条件） 六.表语 表语 These desks are yellow. We are happy now. My work is teaching English, It sounds good. It smells nice. 句子结构 (S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语) 主谓结构| vi.） 一 ． S 十 V 主谓结构 | （ vi. ） I 主 swim. 谓 They listened carefully． My homework has finished. 主谓宾结构(vt.) 二 ． S 十 V 十 O 主谓宾结构 (vt.) I saw a film yesterday . 主 谓 宾 They found their home easily They have taken good care of the children ． 主系表结构（ 系动词） 三 ． S 十 V 十 F 主系表结构 （ 系动词 ） Is,look ________________________________________________________+形容词 He is old. 主 系动 表语 The story sounds interesting. 主 系动词 表语 The desk feels hard He becomes a teacher． The trees turn yellow in the autumn. 四 ． S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 主谓双宾结构 give，ask_________________________________________________________sb sth He gave me a book. 主 谓 宾1 宾2 He brought me a pen He offered me his seat He got me a chair 五 ． S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主谓宾补结构 They made the girl angry. 主 谓 宾 宾补 They found her happy that day． I saw him in. I heard the glass broken just now
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主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词）
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词）
To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English. He is asleep.
表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）
Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词）
His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）
The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）
（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）,
remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ...
It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The door remains open. Now I feel tired.
宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾
I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）
How many do you need? We need two. （数词）
We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.
宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）
We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 )
Please make yourself at home. 介词短语） Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）
Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）
主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）
We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）
The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）
The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）
I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）
You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）
状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
（以下例句按上述顺序排列）
I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meettingroom.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
句子结构
简单句的五个基本句型
主语 ＋ 不及物动词 She came．/ My head aches.
主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 She likes English.
主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋主语补语 She is happy．
主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语 She gave John a book．
She bought a book for me.
主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry．
The teacher asked me to read the passage.
（ There +be There lies a book on the desk. ）
Exercises
分析下列句子成分
1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you
3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city．
7. ---I love you more than her，child ． 8. Tees turn green when spring comes.
9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his teaching
13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song.
15. Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．16.We will make our school more beautiful.
17. He didn't come．That is why he didn't know． 18. She showed us her many of her pictures.
19. The old man lives a lonely life.
20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.
21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．
22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．
23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.
24. Go back where you came from. 25. We must do whatever the people want us to do.
26. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 27. Would you please pass me the cup?
28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest news about him?
30. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.