001复习.doc 的翻译
T rends of Social Work in the World 趋势的世界社会工作
Strengths to build on 优势的基础上
We found many strengths in social work services, which need to be kept and developed as a basis for delivering future services. 我们发现许多优势在未来服务的社会工作服务，必须保持和发展提供一个基础。 In particular we found: 特别是，我们发现：
● many examples of good practice across the whole range of social work services, often not acknowledged or celebrated; ●许多社会工作服务的例子良好的范围在整个实践，往往不承认或庆祝;
● a social work profession with a strong and highly relevant knowledge, skills and value base, and a passion for social justice, which is attracting an increasing number and diversity of new recruits; ●一个新入职的社会工作专业与一个强大和高度相关的知识，技能和价值基础的多样性，并热情为社会正义，这是吸引和越来越多;
● professionals working in the most challenging of circumstances, bal ancing conflicting needs and views, juggling resources and making the finest of professional judgements about risk to both individuals and society; ●专业人员在大多数情况下，挑战性，平衡相互冲突的需求和意见，杂耍资源，使个人和社会最优秀的专业判断有关风险两害;
● a strong drive for change through the creation of an honours degree in social work, the Scottish Social Services Council and the Scottish Institute for Excellence in Social Work Education, working together to raise the professionalism of the workforce and improve the competence and quality of social workers' practice; ●荣誉社会工作学位形成了强大的驱动器创建一个改变通过，苏格兰社会服务联会和卓越苏格兰学院社会工作专业教育，共同提高专业水平的员工队伍，提高素质能力和社会工人的做法;
● services which deal skillfully with complex problems, helping people to find a way through their difficulties; ●服务，巧妙地处理复杂的问题，帮助人们找到一个困难的有力武器;
● a real commitment to developing joint services and a recognition among partners of the distinctive contribution that social service workers make to multi-agency working; ●一机构工作人员作出真正的承诺多以服务发展联合服务和合作伙伴之间的一种承认的独特贡献社会;
● a mixed market of services across the public, voluntary and private sectors each with the scope to learn from each other; ●自愿彼此间及与私营部门的每一个学习的范围混合市场通过公共服务; ● an appetite for performance improvement and revitalised inspection; and ●检查食欲的性能改进和振兴; 及
● that most people who use services were generally satisfied with the service they received. ●大多数人谁使用的服务普遍感到满意，他们得到的服务。
Challenges to tackle 应对挑战
Despite the excellent work which is done on a daily basis we have found a profession and services under great pressure which are not delivering to their full potential. 尽管这是潜在的出色的工作完成的基础上，我们每天都发现了一个伟大的服务行业在压力下不属于他们的全部交付。 This has resulted in a growing mis match between the value base of social work and the experience of people who use services and of workers. 这导致越来越多的工人之间的不匹配相应价值的社会工作和和经验的人谁使用服务。 In particular, we found: 特别是，我们发现：
● unreasonable expectations of what social work services can do to sort out the problems society faces; ●社会面临不合理的期望，什么样的社会工作服务可以理顺的问题;
● an aversion to risk in society as a whole, which poses a very real challenge for social workers, who must always be making fine judgements about risk. ●厌恶风险社会作为一个整体，构成了对风险的判断非常现实的挑战，社会工作者，谁必须作出罚款始终。 All too often this means local authorities restricting practice in order to protect themselves from media and political criticis m, which in turn limits opportunities for people who use services and for their carers; 很多时候，这意味着地方当局限制的做法，以便保护自己的批评来自媒体和政治，而这反过来又限制照顾者的机会的人谁使用的服务和他们的;
● a social work profession lacking in confidence in its own skills and unclear about its distinctive contribution; ●社会工作专业的贡献缺乏信心在自己的技能，独特的和不明确的有关其;
● highly skilled professionals carrying out work that didn't require their level of skills and expertise and little opportunity for the best practitioners to advance their careers and still keep working with people who use services and their carers; ●高技能人才开展工作，并不需要他们的照顾和专业知识水平的技能最好，为从业者很少有机会发展事业，仍然与他们继续工作的人谁使用服务和;
● the decision making ability and professional autonomy of social work professionals constrained by line management arrangements that require escalation of decision making up a chain of command in order to manage budgets or risk; ●决策能力和专业自治或风险预算管理社会工作专业受限于行，需要升级的管理安排作出决定的一个指挥系统的命令;
● the professional leadership of social work services eroded by pressures to manage services and budgets. ●由专业领导的压力侵蚀服务的社会工作，管理服务和预算。 Thi s means front line workers have little idea of the values or professional priorities of their employers; 这意味着一线工人没有什么想法的价值观或雇主专业优先事项;
● services and professionals overwhelmed by bureaucracy and systems, often gathering information for local and national use which is of little value; ●服务和价值的专业人士所压倒官僚主义和系统，往往很少收集信息为地方和国家使用的是;
● a lack of focus on learning within organisations both in terms of matching the skills of individuals with the needs of the service and in making sure that organisations themselves learn from best practice and from mistakes; ●实践中的错误，从A 缺乏重点与学习组织内的个人技能方面都匹配，从而在需求的服务和在确保组织自身学习最佳;
● a relationship between voluntary and private sector providers and local authority staff involved in delivering care which is inequitable, inconsistent and lacks a strategic approach; and ●一志愿关系的方法和私营部门提供者和地方当局的战略提供保健工作人员参与了这是不公平的，不一致，缺乏; 及
● people who use services having little say over how they were delivered, often having to accept what was available rather than what was needed. ●人谁使用的服务有什么发言权，他们在如何交付，往往不得不接受人们有什么，而不是什么是必要的。
Services for the 21st Century: our aspirations 21世纪的服务：我们的愿望
This section sets out the way our recommendations, if they are implemented in full, will make a real difference to the people who use and work within social work services. 本节阐明了我们的建议的方式，如果他们是在全面实施，将真正发挥作用的人谁使用和服务方面的工作在社会工作。
Social service workers should: 社会服务工作者应：
● be able to use their skills and knowledge effectively; ●可以利用他们的技能和知识，有效;
● work to their full potential and be able to make sound decisions, supported and challenged by quality professional consultation; ●工作，充分发挥其潜力，并能作出正确的决定，支持和优质的专业咨询挑战;
● use evidence based practice and continue to learn throughout their careers; ●使用的证据为基础的实践和不断学习的整个职业生涯;
● have a range of career options that allows progression in practice as well as in management; ●有多种选择的职业，允许管理，以及在实践中发展;
● work in supportive teams and feel empowered to find innovative and creative solutions to meet people's needs; and ●团队工作的支持，并认为有权寻求创新和创造性的解决方案，以满足人们的需要;
● have access to technology that helps them do their job effectively. ●有机会获取技术，帮助他们有效地做好自己的工作。
The general public should: 一般市民应：
● have confidence in the work of social work services; ●服务的信心已在社会工作的工作;
● understand how and when services may be able to help them; ●了解如何以及何时服务或许能够帮助他们;
● be clear about how to access services; ●是服务明确有关如何访问;
● have a realistic expectation of what services may be able to do to help them; and ●有帮助他们的实际期望什么样的服务或许能够做的; 及
● value help and support from social work services. ●价值的帮助和支持的社会工作服务。
Partner professions and agencies should: 合作伙伴的专业和机构应：
● understand the distincti ve contribution that social work services can make; ●了解的独特贡献，社会工作服务可以使;
● have effective joint service planning and design arrangements in place to make sure that best use is made of social work skills; and ●具有有效的联合服务的规划和设计安排，以确保最佳的使用技能，使社会工作;
● respect and value the contribution that social workers make to achieving shared priorities. ●尊重和价值的贡献，使社会工作者为实现共同的优先事项。
Political leaders at national and local levels should: 各级政治领导人应在国家和地方：
● understand and value the contribution of social work services to protect ing vulnerable people and promoting wellbeing; ●了解并重视服务工作，贡献社会保护和促进弱势群体的福祉;
● provide clear and consistent leadership; ●提供明确和一贯的领导;
● be able to take well informed decisions about social work services; and ●能够承担社会工作服务以及明智的决策; 及
● present a positive public image of social work services ●目前的社会工作服务的积极的公众形象
Challenges to Social Work in the Future 挑战未来社会工作
An ageing population 人口老化
In 1968 people aged over 60 years made up 18% of the population. 1968年60年以上的人年龄由18％的人口。 By 2030, 25% of us will be over 60. 到2030年，我们25％的将超过60。 In particular, the number of people aged over 75 has risen dramatically and is projected to increase by a further 60% by 2028. 特别是，75岁以上的人数量急剧上升，预计到％再增加60 2028。 This poses a massive challenge for health and social services but also offers us a pool of abilities, talent and wisdom to call on in promoting the capacity of communities to care for themselves. 这对社会服务的健康和巨大挑战，但也给我们提供了智慧池的能力，人才和自称在促进社区的能力照顾。 A lthough life expectancy continues to increase, large sections of the population will spend an increasing number of their later years in ill health. 虽然预期寿命继续增加，人口的很大一部分将投入健 康状况不佳的晚年在不断增加。 For example, 60% of people aged 65-74 report two or more long term conditions. 例如，60％的条件下长期65-74岁的人报告两个或更长时间。 While this will not present significant problems to many of these people, it poses challenges for health and social work services in anticipating and supporting those people who will need help, promoting self care and improving long term management of problems. 虽然这不会出现重大问题，许多人对这些，构成长期的问题和改进管理的挑战卫生和社会工作服务的期待和支持这些人谁需要帮助自我照顾，推广。
Children in need 有需要的儿童
Not only has the percentage of the population under 16 fallen, by 11% between 1968 and 2001 with a further predicted fall of 18% by 2028, the numbers of children in our community are already drastically reduced. 不仅有16岁以下的人口比例下降，1968年及2001年按11％之间，另有18％的跌幅预测，到2028年，我们的社会在儿童人数已经大幅度减少。 The pre-school population is now barely half what it was in 1968. 学前现在几乎一半的人口是它1968年中拉出来。 (277,000 rather than 478,000). （277,000，而不是478,000）。 In the same period the numbers of children looked after by local authorities has risen by 4%. 在同一期间，照顾儿童人数由地方当局已上升了4％。 On this basis, there may be fewer children in future, but a higher percentage of them are likely to be in need, placing more pressure on local authorities to carry out their corporate parenting role and to find alternative approaches to protecting children at risk. 在此基础上，有可能在将来少生孩子，但有较高的比例很可能是有需要，把更多的地方当局施加压力，进行养育的角色，他们的企业寻找其他方式来保护儿童在危险。 Services will be under pressure to provide more effective transitions within and between services, particularly for those leaving care where we know outcomes are very poor: 60% leave school with no qualification, and a similar proportion don't enter employment, education and training. 服务将受到压力，提供和服务之间更有效的过渡在贫困，尤其是那些离开护理，我们知道结果是非常：60％离开学校，没有资格，也有类似比例不进入就业，教育和培训。 As many as 20% become homeless within a year. 多达20％在一年之内成为无家可归。 This is a challenge to the whole public sector, requiring an integrated approach to preventing predictable problems. 这是一个行业的挑战，整个公共，需要采取综合的办法来防止可预见的问题。
Fractured relationships 破碎的关系
Strong relationships are an essential protective factor in determining mental health and wellbeing, yet as people have more choice in how and where they live, whether to marry or have children, more people than ever are living alone for all or part of their lives. 牢固的关系是必要的，幸福的保护因子在确定心理健康，但由于人们有更多的选择，在他们生活的方式和地点，是否结婚或生孩子，他们的生活比以往任何时候更多的人是独居的一部分或全部。 The trend towards more fluid and fractured family relationships is likely to lead to more complex, and possibly weaker, extended family supports and more people living in isolation. 的关系的趋势更加流畅和四分五裂的家庭很可能会导致更加复杂，并有可能减弱，大家庭支持和更多的人过着与世隔绝的生活英寸 Figures from a Scottish Children's Reporters Administration study suggest that significant numbers of children grow up within complex and transitory groupings of parents, successive partners, extended family and sometimes local authority care. 学习的数字从苏格兰儿童的记者当局表明，相当多的孩子抚养长大成长在复杂的和暂时的分组父母，连续的合作伙伴，扩展家庭，有时地方当局。 The study showed only 21% of children referred to the reporter were living with both birth parents, 16% were in foster care, and 10% were living with relatives other than parents, a trend reflecting the growing inability of some parents to cope, often related to substance misuse and mental health problems. 研究表明，只有21％的家长都提到出生的儿童，与记者住，16％是寄养，10％以上的父母住在一起的其他亲属，这种趋势反映了一些家长的成长无力应付，经常有关物质滥用和精神健康问题。
Changing needs 不断变化的需求
Medical advances mean that many more infants born very prematurely or with significant disabilities will survive into adulthood, some of whom will require life long care and support. 医学的进步意味着有更多的婴儿出生的人非常早产或有重大残疾将生存到成年，其中一些人将需要终身护理和支持。 Service providers will be under pressure to provide services that strengthen the capacity of these young people to lead fulfiling lives and to make smooth transitions within and between services. 服务提供商将受到压力，提供服务，加强人民的能力，带领fulfiling 这些年轻的生命，并使服务之间的内部和平稳过渡。 Further advances may rid us of physical conditions that have caused great need in the past, but the World Health Organisation sees chronic mental health conditions such as stress, depression and anxiety as among the biggest challenges Western Europe will face in the next generation. 进一步发展可能摆脱过去我们在非常需要的身体状况已经造成，但世界卫生组织认为慢性下一代的心理健康状况，如应激，抑郁和焦虑作为其中最大的挑战将面临西欧。 The long term consequences of substance abuse and other lifestyle choices, particularly amongst young people, will also shape future demand for services. 人民的长期后果，滥用药物和其他年轻人的生活方式的选择，尤其是当中，也将塑造未来的服务需求。
Integration and social work services 一体化和社会工作服务
All public services are increasingly working towards integrated service delivery. 所有的公共服务越来越多地向综合服务工作。 The theme of services designed and delivered around the needs of individuals, families and communities is at the heart of much policy and has already had significant impact on social work services. 该服务主题，旨在提供家庭和社区的需要和周围的个人，是在政策心多，已经有重大影响的工作服务社会。 Developments in community care are perhaps the furthest advanced, through the Joint Future initiative and single shared assessment. 社区护理的发展也许是最远的先进，通过联合倡议和一个共享未来的评估。 Similar approaches underpin community schools and proposals for integrated assessments for children. 类似的方法巩固社区学校
和儿童的综合评估的建议。 Joint approaches to planning through children's service plans, community care plans and ultimately community plans provide a vehicle for joint development. 联合规划方法通过儿童的服务计划，社区护理计划，并最终发展社区计划提供车辆联合。 Structural approaches such as the creation of community justice authorities and community health partnerships take that integration further into new partnership arrangements. 卫生伙伴关系的结构方法，如社区作为创建社区司法当局，并采取进一步的融合到新的伙伴关系安排。 All of this has a direct impact on the structure, planning and delivery of social work services. 这一切有一个工作服务的直接影响结构，社会规划和交付。 A significant challenge for social work services will lie in maintaining and developing the distinctive contribution of social service workers, while promoting joined up approaches to service design and delivery. 一个工作服务社会的重大挑战将在于维护和发展服务工作杰出贡献社会，同时促进联合起来办法，服务设计和交付。 The three branches of social work will face distinctive challenges, reflecting the changing needs and expectations of society: 社会工作的三个部门将面临独特的挑战，反映了不断变化的需要和社会的期望：
Community care 社区照顾
Since the closure of large institutions in the 1990s, social workers, occupational therapists and social care staff have made huge positive contributions to the development of better adult care services. 由于大型机构的工作人员封闭在20世纪90年代，社会工作者，职业治疗师及社会关怀服务取得了巨大的积极成年贡献更好的发展。
Innovative services have evolved to enable them do so. 创新服务的发展使他们这样做。 The increasing aspirations of previously marginalised groups and the subsequent increased demand for services are a consequence of past successes. 对服务的需求日益增加的愿望，以前处于边缘集团随后上升，是过去成功的结果。
Adults with learning disabilities increasingly expect to live ordinary lives in the community. 残疾成年人学习的预期寿命越来越普通市民生活英寸 Services have to be open to developing their aspirations, but must protect those who may be vulnerable from bullying and challenging behaviour. 服务必须向发展中国家开放他们的愿望，但必须保护那些谁可能是脆弱的，从行为欺凌和挑战性。 This goes beyond individual casework and will challenge society's attitudes, especially around sexual relationships and parenting. 这超出个别个案，并会挑战性的社会关系和为人父母的态度，特别是围绕。 For people with mental health problems, many of the themes are similar. 对于有精神健康问题的人，许多主题的是相似的。 The incidence of suicide and self harm challenges how we make services available. 发病率的挑战自杀和自我伤害我们如何使服务可用。 Services will be shaped by the increasing emphasis on rights and responsibilities of people experiencing mental illness, and the needs of their carers and families. 服务将取决于精神疾病越来越重视体验人民的权利和责任，和家庭照顾者及他们的需求。 An integrated approach to improved mental health will require further development of partnership working with health, housing and other services. 一种综合的方法来改善精神健康将需要其他服务的进一步发展和住房与健康工作的伙伴关系。
A better informed public will have growing expectations of public services and will be more knowledgeable and confident in producing their own care solutions with appropriate support. 一个知情的公众将有更好的公共服务日益增长的期望，并将于适当的解决方案，支持更多的知识生产自己的关怀和信心英寸 Developments such as direct payments will place more emphasis on self assessment and self-care strategies to support independent living, and on the role of unpaid carers and local communities as providers of care. 支付的发展，如直接将举行更多策略强调自我评价和自我照顾，以支持独立生活，并在保健作用无偿照顾提供者和当地社区。 The introduction of an
unregulated workforce, in the shape of workers employed directly by people who use services, needs to be fully understood and managed. 劳动力介绍一种不受监管的服务，塑造人们使用谁直接雇用的工人，需要充分了解和管理。