功能意念项目表
1. 社会交往 (Social Communications)
(1)问候 (Greetings)
A. Hi!
Hello!
Good morning / afternoon / evening.
How are you?
How are you doing?
Please say hello to your parents.
Please give my love / best wishes to Lucy.
B. Hi!
Hello!
Good morning / afternoon / evening.
I'm OK.
Fine, thanks, and you?
Very well, thank you.
Sure.
All right.
(2)介绍 (Introduction)
A. My name is Jim.
I'm a student.
I'm from England.
This is Mr. / Mrs. / Miss / Ms Brown.
I'd like you to meet Bob.
B. Hello!
How do you do?
Nice / Glad / Pleased to meet (see) you.
(3)告别 (Farewells )
A. Good-bye / Bye / Bye-bye.
Good night.
See you later / then / tomorrow / soon.
I am sorry I have to go now.
* I am afraid I must be leaving now.
B. Good-bye / Bye / Bye-bye.
See you.
Good night.
See you later / then / tomorrow / soon.
(4)感谢 (Thanks )
A. Thank you (very much).
Thanks a lot.
Thank you for your help.
It's very kind / nice of you.
B. It's a pleasure.
That's OK/ all right.
You're welcome.
(5)道歉(Apologies)
A. Sorry. I'm sorry.
Excuse me, please.
I beg your pardon.
I' m sorry for losing your book.
I'm sorry to interrupt you.
I'm sorry (that) I'm late.
B. That's OK.
It's all right.
Never mind.
It doesn't matter.
It's nothing.
(6)邀请(Invitation)
A. Would you like to go for a walk?
You must come to dinner with us.
May I invite you to dinner?
What / How about having a swim?
B. OK.
①Thank you.
I'd like that, thanks.
Yes, I'd love to.
That would be very nice.
②No, thank you.
It's very nice of you, but my mother is ill.
I'd love to, but I'm afraid I have no time.
I'm sorry I can't. What about another time?
(7)请求允许 (Asking for permission )
A. May I come in?
Can / Could I use your telephon
Would / Do you mind if I open the window?
B. ①Yes, please. Sure. Certainly.
②I'm sorry, it's not allowed.
I'm afraid not. You'd better not.
(8)祝贺与祝愿 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)
A. Have a good day / time!
Have a good journey / trip!
Good luck!
Enjoy yourself!
Best wishes to you.
Happy New Year!
Merry Christmas!
Happy birthday!
Congratulations!
Well done!
B. Thank you.
You, too.
The same to you.
(9)提供帮助 (Offering help)
A. Do you want me to clean the room?
Can I help you?
Would you like me to help you?
What can I do for you?
Let me take your bags.
B. ①Yes, please. / Yes, thanks.
Thank you.
That would be nice / fine.
Thank you for your (the) help.
②No, thanks / thank you.
Thank you all the same.
That's very kind of you, but I can manage it myself.
(10)约会(Making appointments )
A. Will you be free tomorrow?
Do you have time this afternoon?
How about tomorrow morning?
When / Where shall we meet?
Could we meet at 4:30?
Let's make it 4:30.
B. ① Yes, I'll be free then.
All right. See you then.
②I'm afraid I have no time then.
Sorry, I won't be free then. But I'll be free tomorrow.
(11) 打电话 (Making telephone calls )
A. Hello! May I speak to Tom?
Hello! I'd like to speak to Mr. Green.
Is that Liu Ying speaking?
Can I leave a message?
I'll call back later / again.
I'll ring him / her up again.
B. Hello! This is Mary speaking.
Hello, who is this?
Hold the line, please.
Just a moment, please.
Hello, who's speaking?
Sorry. He / She isn't here right now.
Can I take a message?
Sorry. I can't hear you.
The line is bad / busy.
I couldn't get through.
Sorry, I'm afraid you have the wrong number.
(12) 就餐 (Having meals)
A. Would you like something to eat / drink?
What would you like (to have)?
Would you like some more fish?
Help yourself to some fish.
B. ①Yes, I'd like a drink.
I'd like rice and chicken.
Just a little, please.
Can I have some more soup?
It's so delicious. Thank you.
②No, thank you. I've had enough.
I'm full, thank you.
It's very delicious, but I can't eat any more.
(13)就医 (Seeing the doctor)
A. What's the matter?
What seems to be the trouble?
Do you have a fever?
How long have you felt like this?
It's nothing serious.
Take this medicine three times a day.
You'll be all right / well soon.
B. I have a headache / cough / fever.
I feel terrible / bad / horrible / awful.
I don't feel well.
I've got a pain here.
It hurts here.
I can't sleep well.
(14)购物 (Shopping)
A. Can / May I help you?
What can I do for you?
How many / much would you like?
What colour / size / kind would you like?
What about this one?
Here's your change.
B. I want /I'd like a pair of shoes.
How much is it / are they?
May I try it on?
It's too big / small.
Sorry, it's too expensive.
Do you have any other colours / sizes / kinds?
Two and a half kilos / pounds, please.
That's fine. I'll take it.
Just have a look.
Well, I'11 think about it.
(15) 问路 (Asking the way)
A. Excuse me. Where's the washroom?
Can you tell me how to get to the post office?
Excuse me. Which bus goes to World Park?
Excuse me. Which is the way to the Bank of China?
Excuse me. Could you tell me the way t6 the station, please? How can I get to No. 4 Middle School?
B. ①It's over there.
It's about 400 metres from here.
Go down this street until you see the tall red building. Turn right / left at the first / second crossing / comer. You can't miss it.
You can take bus No. 103.
You'd better take a taxi. ?
②Sorry. I don't know. I'm a stranger here.
(16)谈论天气 (Talking about weather)
A. What's the weather like today?
How's the weather in Beijing?
What a cold / hot day today!
It's a nice / fine / beautiful / horrible day today.
B. It's sunny / cloudy / windy / rainy / snowy / foggy. It's getting cool / cold / warm / hot.
(17)语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication) Pardon?
I beg your pardon? I don't understand. Sorry, I can't follow you.
How do you say ... in English?
I don't know how to say that in English.
I don't know the word in English.
How do you spell it, please?
I'm sorry I only know a little English.
(18)提醒注意 (Reminding and warning)
Don't forget your raincoat. Remember to lock the door. Mind your head/step!
No smoking!
No spitting!
Wet floor!
Look out!
Be careful!
Don't touch!
It's dangerous!
(19)劝告(Advice)
You'd better go to see the doctor.
You should listen to and read English everyday.
You need to buy a Chinese-English dictionary.
Don't rush / hurry/ push. Please stand in line.
(20) 建议(Suggestions)
Let's go and have a look.
What / How about a picnic this Sunday?
Why don't you buy a computer?
Why not go to a movie?
2. 态度 (Attitudes)
(21) 同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)
Sure. Certainly.
Of course. All right.
I agree.
No problem.
That's a good idea.
Yes, I think so.
No way.
Of course not.
I don't agree.
I don't think so.
I'm afraid not.
(22)喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)
This book is very interesting.
I like / love the movie (very much).
I like / love to play computer games.
I like taking photos.
I enjoy listening to music.
I'm interested in science.
He is fond of music.
This song is bad / awful.
I don't like the movie very much / at all.
I don't enjoy collecting stamps.
I hate to do homework.
(23)肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)
I'm sure.
I'm sure of that.
I'm (quite) sure (that) she'll join us.
There is no doubt that it's made of silk.
It's clear that it will rain soon.
I'm not so sure.
I'm not sure of that.
I'm not sure whether / if she can come.
Maybe you're right.
Perhaps she is at home now.
It's hard to say.
(24)可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)
A. He can / may come today.
It may snow tonight. It's possible to finish the homework before 6 o'clock.
B. He may not come so early.
He can't be in the office now.
It's not likely to snow soon.
It's impossible to finish my homework within one hour.
(25)能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)
He can ride a bike. He's able to pass the math exam. He is good at football.
He can't swim.
She's not good at swimming.
(26)偏爱和爱好 (Preference and hobbies)
I prefer tea. Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?
I like English better / the best.
My favourite subject is physics.
(27)意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)
I'll go with you.
I'm going to see my head teacher this afternoon.
I'd like to make a phone call to her after class.
I want / hope to find an English pen-friend.
I plan to go to Hangzhou this summer.
I won't see the movie again.
I'm not going to buy the book.
I don't want to live in the big city.
(28)希望和愿望(Hope and wish)
I wish to see you again.
I hope to become a doctor.
I hope it stays fine.
I wish I were younger.
I hope so.
I hope not.
(29)表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)
A. Very good!
Well done!
Wonderful!
Excellent!
You speak English very well.
Your dress is beautiful!
Come on! Keep trying!
You can do it!
B. Thank you.
OK. I'll try it again.
(30)责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)
What do you mean by doing so?
How could you cheat your teacher?
Why didn't you tell me the truth?
I'm sorry to have said that, but this room is too dirty, Why don't you do something about it?
(31) 冷淡(Indifference)
I don't care,
It doesn't matter to me.
3. 情感(Emotions)
(32)高兴(Happiness)
How wonderful / nice!
That's lovely / great / wonderful!
I'm so happy.
It's well done.
I'm pleased to know that.
(33)惊奇(Surprise)
Really?
Oh dear!
Is that so?
What a surprise!
How nice to see you!
How surprising!
I'm surprised.
Does that surprise you?
(34)忧虑(Worries)
What's wrong?
What's the matter?
Anything wrong?
What should we do?
Are you worried about your health?
(35)安慰(Reassurance)
There, there. Don't be afraid.
Don't worry.
It's (quite) all right.
It'll be OK / all right.
(36)满意(Satisfaction)
Good!
Well done!
Perfect!
That's fine.
That's better.
That's good enough.
I'm pleased with your spoken English.
(37)遗憾(Regret)
I'm so sorry!
It's a great pity!
What a shame!
That's too bad!
(38)恐惧 (Fear)
Help!
How terrible!
I'm afraid of that dog.
I'm frightened.
4. 时间(Time)
(39)时刻(Point of time)
A. Excuse me. What's the time, please?
Excuse me. What time is it?
When did you come to China?
What time do you get up every day?
B. It's half past five / twenty to nine.
I came to China in 1998.
I get up at 6 o'clock.
(40)时段(Duration)
A. How long have you been in this school?
How long does it take you to get to school?
When did you live in Beijing?
How long have you been ill?
B. I have been in this school for three years.
It takes me twenty minutes by bike.
I lived in Beijing from 1996 to 1999.
I have been ill since last Monday night.
(41) 频度(Frequency)
A. How often do you go to movies?
B. I go to the movie once a week.
I often go to movies.
(42) 时序(Sequence)
What did you do next?
Finally we found our way out.
It rained even harder later on.
5. 空间(Space)
(43)位置(Position)
A. Where is the picture?
B. It's on / at / above / in / under / beside / near / behind the table.
He sits at the back of the room.
The lab is in the centre of the school.
(44)方向(Direction)
A. Which is the way to the station?
Where is the train / bus going?
Where are you going?
B. Go down this street, and turn left / right at the first crossing.
The train is going to Xi'an.
The train is going to the east / west / south / north.
I'm going to the railway station. I'm leaving for Shanghai.
(47)距离(Distance)
A. How far is your school from here?
B. It's about 40 minutes by bike.
It's about 6 kilometres / miles away.
6. 存在(Existence)
(46) 存在(Existence)
A. Is there a bird in the tree?
Are there any apples in the tree?
What's in the tree?
B. Yes, there is / are.
There's a bird in the tree.
There are many / a lot of birds in the tree.
(47) 不存在(Non-existence)
A. Is there an English book in the schoolbag?
Are there any English books in the schoolbag?
Isn't there any water in the bottle?
B. No, there isn't / aren't (any).
There isn't an English book in the schoolbag.
There aren't any English books in the schoolbag.
No, there's no water in the bottle.
There's no more paper in the printer.
7. 特征(Features)
(48)形状(Shape)
A. What does it look like?
What's the shape of the clouds?
B. It looks like a camel.
It's round / long / tall / short.
It's a circle / square.
It's a U-shaped road.
(51)颜色(Colour)
A. What colour is the bag?
B. It's green / red / blue / yellow / black / white / orange / purple / light brown / dark blue.
(50)材料 (Material)
A. What's the table made of?
What's the red wine made from?
B. It's made of wood.
It's made from grapes.
I bought a woollen sweater yesterday.
(53)价格(Price)
A. How much is the dictionary?
How much is it?
How much are they?
Is it cheap / expensive?
B. The dictionary costs me 100 yuan.
The dictionary is expensive / cheap.
(52)规格(Size)
A. What size is your sweater?
What size shoes do you wear?
B. The size of my sweater is XXL.
It's too big / small / long / short for me.
(53) 年龄(Age)
A. How old are you?
How old is he / she?
B. I'm eighteen.
He / She is six years old. Uncle Wang is an old man.
8. 计量(Measurement)
(54)长度(Length)
A. How long is the bridge?
B. It's 430 metres / feet long.
(55)宽度(Width)
A. How wide is the river?
B. It's about 200 metres wide.
(56)高度(Height)
A. How tall / high is the building?
B. It's 130 metres tall / high.
The building has 85 floors / stories.
(57) 数量(Number)
A. How many students are there in your class?
How much water do you drink every day?
B. There are forty students in our class.
I drink five glasses of water every day.
9. 比较 (Comparison)
(58)同级比较 (Equal comparison)
My ruler is as long as yours.
I can run as fast as you can.
This book is not as interesting as that one.
I can't run so fast as you can.
(59)差别比较(Comparative and superlative)
Lily is younger than Kate.
The red skirt is more expensive than the yellow one. I run faster than Jim.
Mrs. Baker walks more slowly than Mr. Baker.
Jim is the tallest in his class.
Tom is the best of all.
(60)相似和差别(Similarity and difference)
This picture is the same as that one on the wall. Lucy is like her mother.
Tom looks like his father.
My picture is different from yours.
There are five differences between the two pictures.
10. 逻辑关系(Logical relations)
(61)原因和结果 (Cause and effect )
A. Why are you late for school?
How could you miss the train / plane?
B. Because I got up late this morning.
Since she did not feel well, she stayed at home.
Because of the bad traffic, we missed the train.
He ate too much, so he did not feel well.
(62)目的(Purpose)
A. Why are you here today?
Why did you do that?
B. I came here to see you off.
* I did that in order to protect the trees.
11. 职业 (Occupation)
(63)工作(Job)
A. What do you do? What's your job?
What are you going to be?
B. I'm a teacher / doctor / worker / farmer / businessman / manager.
I'm going to be a scientist / computer engineer.
(64)单位(Employer)
A. Where do you work?
B. I'm teaching English In a high-school..