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考研英语翻译真题技巧讲解
真题1：
It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in
enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. 有人会说衡量任何社会机构价值的标准是看其是否让人获得更多更好的经历，但这并非社会机构设立的初衷。
真题2：
Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. 人们只是逐渐注意到社会机构所产生的这一副产品，又经历了更为漫长的过程才将这一影响视为机构运作的指导性因素。
真题3：
While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.
在与年轻人接触时我们容易忽视自己的行为对他们的性情所产生的影响，与成年人打交道时则更是如此。
真题4：
Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.
我们与年轻人打交道的主要目的是让他们能够共融共享，鉴于此，我们不禁要思考：我们是否正为他们赋能。
真题5：
We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling.
由此，我们在一直探索的广义教育框架内找到了一种更为正规的教育形式，即，直接教导或学校教育。
真题6：
Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.
科学家们立即奋起抢救。他们提供了一些显然站不住脚的证据，大意就是如果没有了鸟类的控制，昆虫就会吃光人类。
真题7：
（It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today. We have no land ethic yet,） but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage
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to us.
不过，我们已至少接近于承认：不管鸟类对人类有无经济价值，都有存续下去的固有权利。
真题8：
Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.
生物学家们曾经一度滥用如下证据：这些动物通过吃掉猎物种群中的体弱个体来维持整个种群的健康发展；他们只吃那些“没有价值”的物种。
真题9：
In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.
欧洲的生态林业较为发达，人们把非经济树种视为天然林的有机组成部分，对它们予以合理保护。
真题10：
It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy
functioning.
这种保护体系往往忽视那些不具商业价值但对土地生态至关重要的物种，最终导致这些物种消亡。
真题11：
It is also the reason why when we try to describe music, with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.
也正因如此，当我们试图用文字描述音乐时，只能说清对音乐的感受，而不能领会音乐本身。
真题12：
By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find
courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.
大家公认他是一个思想自由、大胆无畏的人，我认为，就连理解他的作品都是需要勇气的，更别说演奏他的作品了。
真题13：
Beethoven ’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then
abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.
贝多芬惯于先是激昂有力而后突变舒缓的演奏风格，这在他之前的作曲家中十分
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少见。
真题14：
Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.
他的自由观尤为重要。在他看来，自由与个人的权利和义务紧密相关，他提倡的是思想自由和个人言论自由。
真题15：
One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.
贝多芬这部作品传递的主要信息可以解读为：苦痛不可避免，但战胜苦痛的勇气让人生具有了价值。
真题16：
Allen ’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.
艾伦在书中首先提出了一个大家的共识--我们不是机器人，所以能控制自己的思想--然后指出这种看法本质上是错误的。
真题17：
while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? “
我们或许能够单靠意识维持着控制思想的幻觉，但事实上我们不断面临的一个问题是：“为什么我不能让自己做这个或者实现那个呢？”
真题18：
This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of
exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.
对弱势群体不管不问，对他人剥削压榨，上层阶级高高在上、下层阶级处处卑微，这些现象似乎由此名正言顺起来。
真题19：
In fact, circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged ” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .
生活环境似乎是为了让我们人尽其才而设计的，如果感觉生活环境对我们“不公”， 就可能不会自觉地努力摆脱现状。
真题20：
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The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.
认识到一切取决于我们自己，这种观点积极的一面就在于其中包含的一切皆有可能的含义；过去我们故步自封，如今我们探索一切可能。
真题常用翻译词汇/短语总结
prey on捕食
let alone更别说
secure sth. 确保...
grasp 抓住，理解
original motive初衷
intrinsic right固有权利
jumped to立即/急于做...
by all accounts大家公认
cannot help doing不禁要
conscious mind意识/理智
directive factor指导性因素
within reason在合理限度内
take an assumption提出假设
the physically weak体弱个体
economic advantage经济价值
drawn near the point of接近于
chief business主要目的、任务
overwork the evidence滥用证据
articulate 发音，说清楚，讲明白
lack commercial value缺乏商业价值
noncommercial tree species非经济树种
sustain the illusion of维持着... 的幻觉/假象
bring out the best in people让人们各尽其才
neglect of those in need对弱势群体不管不问
A renders B worth V+ing A让B 有了... 的意义
distinctly shaky evidence显然站不住脚的证据
in the conduct of the institution在某机构运作中
ignore the effect of A upon B 忽视A 对B 的影响
the superiority of those at the top上层阶级高高在上
the measure of the worth of...is衡量... 价值的标准是
the inferiority of those at the bottom下层阶级处处卑微
In contact with sb. /in dealing with sb.与... 接触/打交道时
the rights and responsibilities of the individual个人的权利和义务
freedom of thought and of personal expression思想自由和个人言论自由
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