The difference between public interest and private interest
何谓公共利益与私人利益，公共利益与个人利益是一对双生子，明白了其中一个，另一个也迎刃而解。人们会因性别、性格、年龄、体力体质、文化程度等的不同而获得不同的收入，形成不同的阶层。不同的阶层，就会具有不同的利益诉求。那么，针对不尽相同的各阶层利益诉求，该怎样判定什么是公共利益呢？
显然，这不是很好回答的问题。之所以说不好回答，一是遍查相关资料，尤其是当前国家各类法律文本，对什么是公共利益，以及如何有效判定是否属于公共利益范畴，语焉不详。似乎这是一个大家都心知肚明的概念，无需多费笔墨。二是理论上的定义与实际认知之间是否一致，也是各说各话，莫衷一是。
从名词本身简单的解释就是：前者是大众、大部分人、关系社会整体、政府关注的利益，后者是小众、小部分人、关系社会部分、公民个人关注的利益。更明确而正规的说，我姑且认为公共利益可以界定为：一定的社会群体为实现其生存、发展所需要的，并为群体中不确定多数人所认可的资源和条件。它的内涵有以下特征。第一，分享性。第二，广泛性。第三，丰富性。第四，超越个体性。第五，层次性。
个人利益的界定相对于公共利益来说要简单得多，因为个人利益只考察单个的人。尽管每个人都会和其他个人发生联系，且单个人之间都是相互作用的，考察了单个的个人利益就可推及到其他个体。笔者认为个人利益是指个人为了满足生存、发展和享受所需要的各种资源和条件的总和。
由此可以看出两者之间最明显的不同就是研究对象不同，而这个不同延伸出来的关注方面、研究方法、研究结果、问题与解决方法等都存在很大的不同。作为政府其制定政策必须两者选其一，所以政府的政策永远不是最好的，而是最合理的，最符合当时当地情况的。政府为得到更好的结果，就必须均衡同为社会运行参与者的多数人与少数人的利益分配，而市场动力学就是研究市场中各参与要素的关联、交互和动态现象，以期望从中找到各要素之间的规律，从而为人们研究复杂关系中各参与要素的作用及均衡配伍，从而实现市场最大的效益。运用于社会学中的研究中就可以为政府制定政策，尽量满足绝大多数人民的利益，从而确保政策的合理性和便于施行。最终政府做出的权衡结果，在很大程度代表了多数人的利益，也就形成了社会偏好。当然，政府的权衡结果有时并不一定符合社会偏好，那就是有政府工作人员为了各种见不得人的利益从而无视多数人的利益，只为与自己利益相关的少数人谋取利益，这样的政策必将难产，政府也必将失去人民的信任，社会契约将受到威胁，政府与国家存在的根基将受到冲击，甚至崩溃。
What is the public interest and private interests and public interests and
personal interests are a pair of twins , understand one another is also solved. People will vary gender , personality , age , physical constitution , education , etc. and get different income form different sectors . Different classes will have different interest demands . So, for the different demands of different sectors of interest , how to determine what is the public interest?
Obviously, this is not a good answer. The reason that was not answered , first check the relevant information all over , especially in the current state of various
legal texts , what is the public interest, and how to effectively determine whether the
scope of the public interest , did not elaborate. This is a concept seems everyone knows , no more than ink costs . The second is whether the agreement between the theoretical and the actual definition of cognition, also speaking the same language , today.
From the term itself is a simple explanation : the former is the public , the majority of people, the overall relationship between the government concern the interests of society , which is a small minority, a small number of people , the
relationship between the social part of the benefit of individual citizens concerned . More explicit and formal , I just assume that the public interest can be defined as : certain social groups to achieve their survival, development needs, and the majority of the population recognized uncertain resources and conditions. Its meaning has the following features. First, the share of . Second, extensive. Third, the richness. Fourth , beyond individuality . Fifth, the hierarchy .
Personal interests with much simpler to define the public interest , the study because of personal interest only single person. Although everyone will have contact with other individuals , and the interaction between single individuals are
investigated individual and personal interests can be pushed to other individuals . I believe that personal interest is the sum of the individual in order to meet the survival, development and enjoyment of the required resources and conditions.
It can be seen that the difference between the two most obvious difference is the object of study, and the different aspects of this concern extends out, research methods, results , problems and solutions so there is a big difference. As a
government whose policies have to choose one of the two , the government 's policy is not always the best , but the most reasonable , most in line with prevailing local conditions . Government to get better results , it is necessary to balance the same as the majority of participants run distribution and social interests of the few , while the market dynamics is the study of factors associated with the participating markets , interactive and dynamic phenomena , which find the desired between the various elements of the law , so as to study the complex relationship between the various people involved in the role and balanced elements of compatibility , in order to
achieve maximum benefits market . Applied sociology studies that government policy can , try to meet the interests of the vast majority of the people, so as to ensure the reasonableness of the policy and ease of implementation. Weigh the results of the government to make the final , largely represents the interests of the majority, it formed a social preferences . Of course, the trade-offs sometimes not necessarily in line with the government 's social preferences , that is, there are a variety of
government staff to see the benefits so people can not ignore the interests of the majority of people , only a few people with their own interests to seek benefits associated with such a policy will the dystocia , the government will also lose the trust of the people , the social contract will be under threat , the government and the country's existence the foundation will be affected , or even crash.