下册重要知识点梳理
词类
1) 物主代词：表示所属关系的代词（…属于谁的）
形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：
形容词性物主代词：必须和名词在一起。
名词性物主代词:相当于与之相对应的形容词性物主代词+名词。 练习 （1）选择题。
（ ）1. Look at .
A. him B. he C. his
（ ）2. I drive to the park every day.
A. they B. their C. them
（ ）3. classroom is big.
A. we B. us C. Our
（ ）4. I love .
A. she B. her C. hers
（ ）5. Do you know ?
A. I B. my C. me
（ ）6. I am son.
A. they B. their C. them
（ ）7. This is not _____ desk.. My desk is over there.
A. I B. my C. me
（ ）8. －Can you spell _____ name, Harry? －Sorry.
A. you B. your C. yours
（ ）9. Tom and Jack are brothers. This is _____ room.
A. they B. them C. their
（ ）10. We are in the same class. _____ classroom is very nice.
A. our B. my C. ours
（ ）11. Mrs. Green is my teacher. I’m _____ student.
A. he B. his C. him
（ ）12. That’s a cat. _____ name is Mimi.
A. It B. It’s C. Its
（2）用括号里的代词的适当形式填空
1, Mr Yang is _______(we) teacher.________(him) is from Beijing. _______(his) teaches______(our) English.
2, Look,there is a cat._______(they) is Lily's.____(it) name is Mimi. 3, Let______(I) tell ______(she) about_____(he) life at school. 4, This is ______(they) room.Where is _____(our)? 5, Don't use the eraser.______ is ______(me).
6, The lady under the tree is ______(me) aunt._____(her) often sings with _____(she) husband
2) 情态动词can
1. 含义：表达人或物的能力，能或会…
2. 特点：情态动词can 没有人称和数的变化，之后要加动词原形。 3. 否定形式：cannot(正式用法) ＝can’t(口语) 4. 句型结构：
肯定句： 主语 + 情态动词 + 动词原形 + 其他 + 。 She / They can swim well.
否定句： 主语 + 情态动词 + not + 动词原形 + 其他 + 。 She / They can not swim well.
一般疑问句： 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ？
Can she / they swim well?
Yes, she / they can. / No, she / they can’t. 特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ? Why can she / they swim well? Who can swim well?
练习：
( ) 1) The sign on the wall means you stay away from the building.
A. must B. can’t C. shouldn't
( ) 2) How many books you see on the desk? A. may B. can C. should
( )3) --- you see the sign over there? --- Sorry, I can’t. A. Can B. Can’t C. Should
4. I can run fast. I ________ ________ fast. (否定句) 5. He can play basketball well. （一般疑问句） _______ he ______ basketball well?
3) 介词
over
在…… between ...and ...在两者之间
Lingling sits between Tony and Daming. 玲玲坐在托尼和大明之间 among 在三者或三者以上之间
Miss Li is among lots of students. 李老师在许多同学之间 注意：介词短语常和be 动词连用。
时态
1) 一般将来时
时间状语：in+一段时间；tomorrow ；in the future; next+时间；this+时间（表示将来时间的状语）
﹙Ⅰ﹚ be （is,am.are ） going to 的用法。
含义：计划，打算做某事 将来时句型结构：
一般将来时 be going to+动词原形
肯定句结构：主语+be going to +动词原形+其他. 否定句结构：主语+be not going to +动词原形+其他. 一般疑问句：be 动词提前
Be +主语+going to +动词原形+其他？ 肯定回答：Yes ，主语+be. 否定回答：No ，主语+be not.
注意：①表示计划到某地去，谓语动词go 与going 重复，一般只说be going to +地点.
②come/go/arrive/leave等表示位置转移的动词可用于现在进行表将来。 Eg:
I am going to London next year. She is going to check her email. Look! The bus is coming.
﹙Ⅱ﹚由shall 和will 引导的一般将来时
含义：将会…
特点：助动词shall 和will 没有人称和数的变化，之后要加动词原形。 shall 在一般将来时中，一般用于第一人称之后。
例如：I/We shall have an English lesson.我们将有一节英语课。 否定形式：shall not＝shan′t will not＝won′t 将来时句型结构:
肯定句：主语+shall/will+do
否定句：主语+shall/will+not+do（will not 可缩写成won’t） 一般疑问句：shall/will+主语+ do 特殊疑问句：疑问词+ shall/will+主语+do
2) 一般过去时
1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
2．标志性时间状语：yesterday （昨天）, last week（上周）, last month（上个月）, last year（去年）, two months ago（两个月前）, the day before yesterday（前天），in 1990 (在1990年), in those days （在那些日子里）等表示过去的时间状语连用。 3．动词结构：V-ed 动词过去式变化规则：
1．一般在动词末尾加-ed ，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2．结尾是e 加d ，如：taste-tasted
3．末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed ，如：stop-stopped
4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y 为i ， 再加-ed ，如：study-studied 5．不规则动词过去式： lose(丢失) ----lost make(制造) ----made mean(意思) ----meant meet(见) ----met pay(付) ----paid say(说) ----said sell(卖) ----sold send(送)----sent sit(坐) ----sat sleep(睡) ----slept smell(嗅) ----smelt spell(拼写) ----spelt spend(度过) ----spent stand(站) ----stood teach(教) ----taught
tell(告诉) ----told win(赢) ----won think(想) ----thought
understand(理解) ----understood begin(开始) ----began blow(吹) ----blew break(打破) ----broke choose(选择) ----chose do(做) ----did draw(画) ----drew drink(喝) ----drank drive(驾驶) ----drove eat(吃) ----ate fall(落下) ----fell fly(飞) ----flew
forget(忘) ----forgot give(给) ----gave go(去) ----went grow(成长) ----grew know(知道) ----knew lie(躺) ----lay----lain ring(按铃) ----rang write(写) ----wrote ride(骑) ----rode see(看见)----saw show(出示) ----showed 4. 句式变化规则：
Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化：
wake(弄醒) ----woke sing(唱) ----sang speak(讲话) ----spoke steal(偷) ----stole wear(穿) ----wore swim(泳) ----swam
take(拿) ----took throw(扔) ----threw become(成为) ----became come(来) ----came run(跑) ----ran
（1）am 和is 在一般过去时中变为was 。（was not=wasn't） （2）are 在一般过去时中变为were 。（were not=weren't）
（3）带有was 或were 的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was 或were 后加not ，一般疑问句把was 或were 调到句首。
句中没有be 动词的一般过去时的句子
否定句：didn't +动词原形，如：Jim went home yesterday.
Jim didn't go home yesterday.
一般疑问句：在句首加did ，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。
如：Jim went home yesterday.
Did Jim go home yesterday?
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？如： What did Jim do yesterday?
练习： 一、填空
1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. I ________ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。
What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.
What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball. 3. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） Nancy ________ going to go camping. 4. I’ll go and join them.（改否定） I _______ go ______ join them.
5. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow. （改一般疑问句） ________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 6. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句） _______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.Tom _______ (visit) a farm last week.
2. The twins _______ (water) the flowers in the garden yesterday morning. 3. I _______ (watch) a film with my friend last Friday. 4. My father _______ (be) in London last year. 5. What_______ (do) you do three days ago? 6. _______ (be) there any parks here in 1950?
7. What_________(do) you do just now? I __________ (wash) my clothes.
三、改写句子
1. We are all happy.(改成一般过去时) We _____ all happy. 2. I visit my grandparents every week. (用last week代替every week) _______________________________________________________
3 There were some zebras in the zoo last year. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) _______________________________________________________________ 四、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 2. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.
3. Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.
4. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects?
5. It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? ——She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects. 6. What ___________ (do) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm.
——What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows. 7. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 8. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 9. I ________________ (plan) for my study now.
句型
1) 特殊疑问句。
含义：以特殊疑问词开头的疑问句。 特殊疑问词总结：
① what 什么（职业，姓名等）
what day 星期几 What day is it today? what size 多大尺码 What size are your shoes? what time =when 什么时间 what colour 什么颜色 what size 多大号
② when 什么时候 （就时间提问）
where 什么地方（就地点提问） who 谁（问人的身份，姓名等） which 哪一个
why 为什么（就原因提问，常用because 回答） how 怎么样
how many多少（提问可数名词数量）How many books do you have ? 多少（提问不可数名词数量）How much water is there in the glass?
多少钱（提问价格） How old 几岁（提问年龄）
多长（提问长度）How long is this ruler?
How long 这把尺子有多长？
多长时间（时间持续多久）How long do you go to school ? 你去学校要多长时间？ How often 多久（提问频率既单位时间发生多少次）
How soon （还要多久时间才能开始或结束）How soon will he come back ? How far （提问距离有多远） 他多久才能回来？ How heavy （提问有多重）
句型结构：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句 ？ Eg :Why do you like watching TV ? 练习：
就划线部分提问。
1．．
he often lunch？ 2．． will they come back？ 3． he hurt his leg ？ 4．．
you up this morning ？ 5．．
they when I came in ？ 6．． you go to school？ 7．． bus ？ 8．．
he feeling ？ 9．． is your sister？ 10．
he to China？
11. He goes to see his grandma ( twice a week ). (对括号部分提问) _________________________________________________? 12. My father goes to work by car. ( 改为特殊疑问句 ) __________________________________________________?
13. It take ( 15 minutes ) for a ferry to cross the river. ( 对括号部分提问 ) __________________________________________________? 14. You can dial ( 110 ) to call the police. ( 对括号部分提问 ) _______ ________ can you dial to call the police 15. Ted put his bag in the desk . ( 改为特殊疑问句 ) _____ ______ Ted _____ in the desk?
16. The students ( went camping ) last week. (对括号部分提问)
_________________________________________________?
17. Diogenes came from ( Greece ). (对括号部分提问)
_____ _____ Diogenes ______ _______?
18. The way to keep fit is ( to eat food and take morn exercise). (对括号部分提问) _______ _______ the way to _______ _______?
2) 祈使句
祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you 常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。
1. 肯定的祈使句
（1）动词原形+其他
Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。
（2）Be + adj.
Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 当心！
（3）Let's + 动词原形
Let’s go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。
2. 否定的祈使句：有be 动词直接加not, 没有加don’t
3) 感叹句
由"what" 引导的感叹句： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语 ！.
What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀！
What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！
What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀！
由"how" 引导的感叹句： How+adj.（adv. ）+主语+谓语 ！.
How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀！
How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！
练习
1. _______ fast the boy ran!
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
2. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances!
A. How, how B. What, what
C. How, what D. What, how
3. ________ delicious the soup is! I’d like some more.
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
4. _______ fools they were! They believed what the man said.
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
5. _______ foolish they were! They believed what the man said.
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
4) 选择疑问句
选择疑问句是指提供两种或多种情况供对方选择的疑问句，选项之间要用连词or 连接。
注意：or 连接的是两种同类的事物，且回答不能用yes 或no 。
Are you a doctor or a teacher？ 你是医生还是教师？
——I’m a teacher.
Which would you like， tea or coffee？ 你想要哪样，是茶还是咖啡？ ——I’d like some tea.