动词的时态和语态
一、动词时态
1. Mary went to the box office at lunch time, but all the tickets out.(09年上海高考) A. would sell B. had sell C. have sell D. was selling
解析1:答案为B 。本题考查时态。根据句意:Mary利用午饭时间去了售票处, 但是所有的票都已卖完了。过去完成时表示过去某时前已发生的情况, 所以B 选项为正确答案。 2.---Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?
--- Terry? Never! She 年上海高考题) A. has hate B. hated C. will hate D. hates
解析2:答案为D 。本题考查时态. 。根据句意:你知道Terry 本周末是否会去野营? Terry? 她从不去野营！她讨厌帐篷和新鲜空气！此句中动词表示的是经常性的行为，应该选用一般现在时态。
解题技巧: 遵循时态一致。也就是说应由主句谓语的时态决定从句的谓语时态。
一般原则是：
1、当主句谓语使用现在时或将来时，从句的谓语根据具体情况使用任何时态 。 e.g. He says that he lives in Wuhan.
We hope that there will be many people at your party today.
2、当主句谓语使用过去时的时候，从句的谓语必须使用过去范围的时态。
e.g. He said he was writing a novel.
The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment. He said his father had been an engineer.
3、当从句表示客观事实，科学真理等时，即使主句谓语用了过去式的各种时态，从句谓语也应用一般现在时。 e.g. The teacher told them the earth moves around the sun.
4、从句谓语只能用虚拟语气的情况 : 利用时态一致原则确定从句动词时态时，还应注意，若主语动词是表示命令、请求、要求、建议、劝告等的动词，从句谓语只能用虚拟语气，不能遵循时态一致原则。 e.g. We insisted that we do it ourselves.
二、动词的语态
年上海高考)
A. had always been warned B. were always being warned C. are always warning D. always warned
解析1:答案为B 。本题考查语态. 根据题意:在最近这段恐怖活动期间, 人们经常被告诫不要去碰任何无人看管的包裹。主语people 与谓语动词warn 之间是被动关系, 且时间状语表示过去一段时间内, 所以答案为B 。 2. In recent years many football club as business to make a profit. (08年上海高考) A. have run B. have been run C. had been run D. will run
解析2:答案为B. 本题考查语态。根据题意:近年来许多足球俱乐部的运作都已商业化，都是为了赚钱。句中的主语football club和谓语run 为被动关系，且根据时间状语应该选用现在完成时态，所以答案为B 。 解题技巧：一般用于强调受者， 做题时谓语动词不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，只是需要注意以下考点。
考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组come true, consist of, take place, happen, rise, become, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed e.g. Great changes have taken place in my hometown. A big earthquake has happened in Chile this year.
考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用。这些动词有lock ( 锁 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 卖 ); read ( 读 ); wear ( 穿 ); blame (责备) ；ride (乘坐) ； write ( 写 ) ； e.g. Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。 The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳。 The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。 The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。 考点三：一些常用经典被动句型：
It is said…, It is reported…, It is widely believed…， It is expected…, It is estimated…, 这些句子一般翻译为“据说……”，“人们认为……”，
而 “以前人们认为……” 则应该说：It was believed…, It was thought… e.g. It is widely believed the couple have left the country.