高中英语短文改错讲解
一、短文改错题常见的常见错误类型
1.动词的时态和语态和语气误用。多数动词有时态、语态、和语气变化形式，还有上下文的时态呼应，主从句的时态一致。
2.句子结构和句子完整性：关联词语的误用，关联词分并列连词 and，but，or，so，when等，从属连词——各种从句的引导词。关联词语的误用除涉及到其基础知识，还涉及至行文逻辑关系。短文改错题惯用的命题手法是：①and，but，or，so等之间的混用；②because与so并用；③although与but并用；④why 与because并用；⑤come与go混用；⑥here与there混用。
3.名词的单复数和主谓一致
4.介词
5词性错误：形容词和副词的混用及其比较级的使用。
6.冠词的多用，少用，混用。
7.连词和从句引导词。非限制性定语从句只能由which引导，题目中很可能会用that误导。
8.动词不定式和动名词作主语
9.固定搭配、习惯用法和介词的误用。短文改错中涉及到固定搭配、习惯用法常常多用、少用或误用其中的介词，有时也涉及到其中的动词、冠词的错误搭配。
二、短文改错的解题技巧
1、利用排除法进行短文改错，所谓“排除法”就是在理解单句或短文大意基本把握住文章整体时态的前提下，行不离句，句不离文，将句子分成若干语段，逐一排除，使错误缩小到最小范围。再根据基础知识进行扩散性思考，从而快速找到答案。
2、发现有平行结构，就要检查是否有用词不一致或因成分短缺而引起的句子不平衡错误。如：She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when I arrived .此句中并列的平行结构是两个语法上相同的谓语,故应把drank改drinking.
3、发现有比较结构，就要检查是否有形容词、副词的比较级，比较的对象等方面的错误。如：In some places you can borrow many books as you want ,根据上下文不难发现该句含“as„„as”结构的句子，所以应在many前加上as。
4、发现有转折、因果、对比等结构时，就要检查是否有行文逻辑方面的错误。如：His company publishes books and he buys books all over the world .按行文逻辑，应把buys 改sells.又如：I like singing ,my brother likes dancing .英语中两个分句之间不能仅仅用逗号，而要用合适的连词连接。故以上两个分句之间要加上连词while 表示对比。
5、发现句子有多重结构，就要检查是否有时态、语态、连词或成分短缺等错误。如:He wrote to me immediately as soon as he got there .该句犯了连词重复使用的错误，应去掉immediately.
6、发现有特殊疑问句结构，就要检查是否有疑问词使用不当的错误。如：---How many was the price of your car ?---I bought the car at cheap price ,only S2,000.英语中问价格时，可用what price 或how much 提问。回答时常用high price low price .所以应把句子中的How many 改为What ,把答句中cheap 改为low.
7、发现有名词和代词时，就要检查是否有数、所有格或指代不一致的错误。如：Some people read the books or watch TV, while others have sports .去掉books前的the ,books在此表示泛指。
8、发现有固定短语时，就要检查副词、介词、冠词是否使用错误。如：Suddenly I caught a sight
of my English teacher in the crowd .caught sight of (看见)是固定词组，所以要去掉a.
9、发现并列主语、从句、不定代词、集合名词、非谓语动词、时间、金钱等作主语，together with, as well as 等引导的成份修饰主语时，就要检查是否有主谓不一致的错误。如：Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit .but also 后面的分句的主语也是playing football,其谓语动词应当用单数，故give应改为gives .
10、发现有特殊动词结构时，就要检查其特殊用法是否正确。如：He made me to post a letter for him .英语中的感官动词see; look at ;watch ; notice; observe ; hear; listen to 等，使役动词let ;make ; have 等后面所跟的复合宾语中，如果由不定式的短语作宾语补足语，不定式须省去to.故应去掉句中的to.
11、发现有非谓语动词作状语、表语或定语时，就要检查是否有非谓语动词和逻辑主语不一致的错误。如；The box is too heavy for the little boy to carry it .该句型中不定式to carry 逻辑上的宾语就是句子中的主语，所以句中的it是多余，应去掉。
三、单句练习
1、动词的时态和语态
1). It ‘s years since I come here for study.
2). I didn’t see my best friend for nearly two years.
3). We often played together when we are children.
4). I attended a celebration meeting hold by our school.
2、冠词
1). Many people enjoy sports by watching the others play.
2). We went back to school and played the football
3). Today I have a wonderful news to tell you.
4). We lived under a same roof.
3、句子结构
1). Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play .
2). Although I still smile, but I am not happy.
3). The old man could do nothing and cry for help.
4). There may not be much choice between this one or that .
3、连词和从句引导词
1). This is all what I want to tell you.
2). He always reads newspapers , it helps to make the time pass more quickly.
3). I am trying to improve the situation since it doesn’t seem to work.
4). It was not until it began to rain when I noticed his umbrella left in my car.
5、介词和副词
1). I will call on your office tomorrow.
2). There will be a sport meet in the evening of December 30.
3). My uncle immediate jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird.
4). I had to loop up to the same word many times in the dictionary.
6、名词的单复数和主谓一致
1). As is known to us all , remembering English words are not easy.
2). One and half year later.
3). What he said at the meeting were very important to us .
4). Tom , as well as his children ,are to visit Beijing this summer.
5). To deliver newspapers are a tiring job.