【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
高考语法填空专项复习
二. 具体过程
（一）命题特点
1. 所选短文大约 180 多词，难度适中，基本适合高中生阅读。
2. 挖出10个空格。有的空格后有提示有的没有提示，挖空一般较均匀，不过密也不过疏。所缺的地方一般不会影响学生的理解。
3. 出题更多的是从词汇搭配和语言知识的运用上着手，上下文的理解放在相对次要的位置。
4. 出题一般涉及到以下几个方面：1）动词与介词或副词搭配构成的固定词、短语；2）冠词的用法；3）连词的用法，包括从属连词和并列连词、生词的用法；4）动词的适当形式；
5）形容词和副词的比较级和最高级；6）情态动词的用法；7）从句的引导词等。
（二）考查能力
1. Ability for reading and comprehension from the context (阅读/理解语篇的能力).
2. Ability of sentence structure analysis (分析句子结构的能力).
3. Ability of having a good command of English grammar (熟练运用语法的能力).
4. Be sure of the key points of the filling words which are to be tested (明确所考要
（三）解题方法及技巧
1. 通读全文，把握大意。
通读全文的目的是为了把握全文的大意，为下一步填空做好语义上的准备。因为语义决定着空白处应填一个什么样的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。在通读全文的过程中，为了准
确地把握其大意，很有必要弄清文章的题材中心思想，写作线索，篇章结构，段落层次，逻辑关系，词句理解。考生真正读懂文章大意，有利于填空时进行必要的逻辑推理。
2. 仔细阅读，尝试填空。在通读全文，基本把握文章大意之后，就可以着手尝试填空了。这题的关键，是一个对每个段落层次以及整个语篇中的词汇、句子、语义结构和上下文语境进行综合分析并做出判断的复杂的思维过程，也是对英语语法基本功，英语语篇的感觉能力，和运用英语思维的检验过程。做题时，要求考生对空白处的词性能作出迅速的判断，对文章句子作出准确的分析。然后才能准确无误地填出答案。
3. 复读全文，检查答案。所有的空白处都填好了。这时，我们有必要把整篇文章从头至尾反复从语义和逻辑的角度审视全文，从词义辨析，词语搭配，和习惯用语仔细推敲，看其语法是否正确，行文是否通顺流畅，条理是否清晰，是否符合语感。还要特别注意单词的拼写，千万不能犯由于单词写错而导致失分的低级错误。要仔细揣摩，准确定夺。
A proverb says, “Time is money”. But in my opinion, time is even 1 ____ precious than money. Why? 2 _______ when money is spent, we can earn it back. However, when time is 3 _____ , it will never return.
4 _____ is known to all that the time we can use is limited. Therefore we should make 5 ____ use of our time to study hard so as to serve our country in 6 _____ future.
But it is a pity that there are a lot of people 7 _____ do not realize the value of time. They 8 _______ their precious time smoking, drinking and playing.
In a word, we should form the good habit of 9 _______ (save) time. Do not put off what can be done today 10 ________ tomorrow.
（1）根据语法知识进行填空
第1题 由than可知,precious要用比较级，多音节形容词的比较级前加more，故此题答案为more.
第7题 因there are是个句子，do not …应是一个定语从句，从句缺主语，先行词是人，应填入 who.
（2）根据逻辑关系进行填空
就是根据上下文的逻辑关系来解题
第2题，因前句用Why提问，应当用because来回答，故此题答案是because.
（3）根据语篇标志进行填空
语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位（句群、段落、篇章等）。语篇间往往有标明内在关联的词，我们称这些词为“语篇标志词”。如表示结构层次的有first, second, third, finally等；表示因果关系的有 thus, therefore, so等；表示转折关系或转换话题的有however, but ,while等；表示递进关系的有besides, apart from, in addition, what’s more, moreover, furthermore等。“语篇标志词”对迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文关系很有帮助。
第3题，由表示转折的however可知，是指当时间失去的时候，表示“失去”是gone。 第5题，由表示结果的Therefore可知，应充分利用时间，故用形容词full或good来修饰名词。
（4）根据固定词组进行填空
熟练掌握教材出现的重点词组，如as a matter of fact, as usual, be proud of, by the way, by chance/accident, be busy with/doing sth., between…and…, come/be from, congratulate…on… , devote…to…, earn one’s living /make a living, from…to… , in common, keep one’s word/promise, look forward to, make up one’s mind, pay attention to等，对解题很有帮助.
第6题 表示“在将来”是固定词组in the future
（5）根据句型搭配进行填空
就是根据一些常用的句型搭配，如so/such…that…, it is/was+ adj./n. +(for sb.) to do sth, there is no doubt that…, doubt whether/if…, Hardly/Scarcely…when…, No sooner …than…, it is/has been + some time since …, be about to do when…,等来解题.
第4题 填It,作形式主语，真正的主语是前面的从句.
（6）根据词汇知识进行填空
指根据某些词语在用法上的特殊搭配来解答. 如下列各类动词必须牢记：只能接-ing形式作宾语的动词，只能接to do作宾语的动词，接to do作补语的动词,接do作补语的动词，或接作补语的动词，对句式搭配要求较为特别的词语，等等.
第8题 由time smoking可想到是spend/waste time (in) doing句型，这是由spend/waste的用法所决定的；这里是一般现在时，主语是复数，填spend或waste.
第9题 因of是介词，介词后的动词通常用-ing形式，故填saving.
（7）根据生活常识进行填空
第10题 结合生活常识，不难理解句意为“不要把今天能做的事情推迟到明天做”，答案自然是表示“直到”的until/till.
（8）根据文化背景进行填空
如 After the flood Mr. Deng was as poor as a church ____.
这句话的意思是“水灾后邓先生一贫如洗了”. as poor as a church mouse（一贫如洗），所以此处填mouse.
【典型例题】
语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Sports should help a man to learn fairness, not only in games but also in and for life. If two teams game, one team must lose. If a dozen teams attend an athletic eleven teams will get points. If a school team comes out last, that is no loss of face.
(lose). The only defeat must be: next year we will do our best to come out on competent instructors.
(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. But even more in speech, dramatic and musical contests, in “house” activities, and, especially, in the student council.
答案：1. a; 2. One; 3. other; 4. fewer; 5. What; 6. lost; 7. to;
8. itself; 9. learned; 10. valuable
【备考策略】
1. 不断记忆，积累词汇。
2. 夯实基础，学好语法。
3. 大声朗读，培养语感。
4. 坚持不懈，多做练习。
5. 总结规律，找准方向。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：40分钟）
One
This is a true story. It happened in Amsterdam, Holland the early 1940s after the 1945. One of their key to be Jews were found, they would be sent to concentration camp farther east, mostly in Poland.
Families were separated and transported in trains. For many days, they went food, water, sanitation or fresh air. this terrible fate, some Jewish families went into hiding, often with the help of Anne and her family moved to escape from by Nazis.
Two
In only fifty years, English (wide) spoken and used in the world. English is the working language of most international organizations, international trade and tourism. Businessmen and tourists often come to China without being able to speak Chinese businessmen, taxi drivers and students talk with them using English. English is also the language of can listen to English songs the radio use English to communicate people around the world through the Internet. With so many people (communicate) in English every day, it will become (important) to have good knowledge of English.
Three
it begins to where it ends. The Dai live near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river that (call) the Mekong River in other countries. Wang Wei soon got them interested in cycling too. She insisted that we
Four
At 3:42 a.m. everything began to shake. It seemed the world was ____2___ an end! Eleven kilometers____3_____(direct) below the city the greatest earthquakes of the 20th century began. It was heard in Beijing, ____4___ is one hundred kilometers away. One - third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut __5____ houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from (hole) in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins . Two-thirds of the people died or _____7_____(injure) during the earthquake. Thousands of families and many children were left ___9___ parents. The number of people were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
Five
My name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa. The time ____1___ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and he had opened a black law firm to advise poor black people ___2____ their problems.
I began school at six. The ____3___ where I studied only two years was three kilometres away. I had to leave, ___4____ my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus ___5___. I could not read ___6___write. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. This was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. ___7___(sad) I did not have this passbook because I was not born there and I was worried ___8___ whether I would be out of work.
The day when Nelson Mandela told me what to do and helped me was one of the I never forgot ___10___ kind he was and when he organized the ANC Youth League , I joined it as soon as I could .
【试题答案】
One
1. in 2. occupied 3. policies 4. to kill 5. known
6. without 7. To avoid 8.non-Jewish 9. when 10. being killed
Two
1. has developed 2. widely 3. Chinese 4. global 5. on 6. or 7. with
8. communicating 9. more and more important 10. a
Three
1. have dreamed 2. taking 3. was 4. that 5. the 6. where 7. is called
8. find 9. determined 10. in
Four
1.that; 2. at ; 3. directly ; 4.which; 5. across ; 6.holes; 7. were injured ;
8. were killed 9. without; 10. who
Five
1. when 2. on 3. school 4. because 5. fare 6.or 7. Sadly 8.about 9. happiest
10. how