形容词与副词的比较级与最高级之——比较级 （笔记用为两次课准备，本次先讲比较级）
英语里形容词有三个比较等级，
既原级： 一般来说，表示“与。。。一样”时用于原级；
比较级： 表示两者的比较时“A比B…”；
最高级： 三者或三者以上的范围内进行比较，表示“最。。。。”。
（一）形容词的比较等级的形式。
1．大多数单音节形容词比较级和最高级的构成都是在形容词原级后面加上--er和--est 。 short shorter shortest
2．以 e 结尾的单音节形容词，只需在原级后面加上---r 和 ---st 即可。
nice nicer nicest 3. 只有一个原音 + 一个辅音结尾的单音节形容词，要双写该辅音字母，再加— er和--est 。 fat fatter fattest
4．以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的双音节形容词，要先将 y变为 i ，再加 er或 est 。
busy busier busiest
5. 部分以 er.ow..等结尾的双音节形容词,末尾加 er, est就可以变为比较级和最高级
clever cleverer cleverest
6．其他双音节和多音节形容词变比较级和最高级形式须在原级前加上单词more,和most.
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
7. 一部分形容词的比较级变化无规律。 good bad many
better___best worst well ill much
oldest little
less ____ least
elder eldest few
二．形容词的原级比较。
1．原级常用于“as+原级 + as”的结构：She is as busy as her mother. He is as tall as I. (口语中 I = me)
否定的原级用“not as…as”或“not so…..as”。意思“像…..一样…..” This room is not as/so clean as that one.
三．形容词的比较级比较。
1．1.两者比较：A + be (am, is, are) + 比较级 + than + B（宾格）: 例如：She is cleverer than me.
You are taller than me. A house is heavy. An elephant is heavier. I am more beautiful than my sister.
2.表示三者或三者以上的人或物的比较时用形容词的最高级。最高级的前面要加the，后面跟表示范围的介词短语：“in +集体名词”或“of＋个体名词的复数。”
Which is the fastest, a sheep, a dog or a horse? Betty is the best student in her class.
The boy is the shortest of the three. 3. 形容词比较级前有时可用much, a little, still等修饰，表示“更…..（还）”:
My elder sister is much taller than I.
也可用 one year, two meters 等表示“比…..多”: John’s father is two years older than his mother..
4. 比较级 + 比较级：“越来越”：harder and harder 越来越辛苦 more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮
☆注意☆ 比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。
典型错误：My hair is longer than you.（我的头发比你更长。）
比较的两者是我的头发、你（整个人），那么比较的对象就没有可比性。
应该改为：My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.
比较级专项练习
一、我们一起来完成
形容词比较级（最高级）的变化规则：①______________________②______________________ ③_________________________④_______________________⑤_________________________ 以________结尾的副词，只在前面加________________________________________________ 比较级的基本句式：①____________________________________________________________ ②__________________________________________③__________________________________
二、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级
1.tall -- ________2.small-- _______ 3.short-- ________ 4.cool--________
5.strong--________6. cold--________ 7.old -- ________ 8.warm--_______
9.young--________ 10. long -- ________11. big-- _______ 12. sad -- ______
13.thin-- _______ 14. fat -- _______ 15.hot -- ______16.wet -- ______
17. fine --_______18.large--_______ 19. nice --_______ 20. good—_______
21. many—______ 22. little—________23. beautiful–____________ 24. excited— _____________ 三.选择填空。
( )1. How heavy are you? __________. A. I’m 48 years old. B. I’m 48 kg. C. I’m 48 cm.
( )2.Tom is 120 cm. Jack is __________. Than him. A. tall B. taller C. heavier
( )3. How heavy is the whale? __________. A. It’s strong. B. It’s heavier. C. It’s 3600 kg.
( )4. How __________ are you? A. old B. older C. taller
( )5.The monkey has a __________ tail. A. tall B. long C. longer
( )6. How big are your feet? _________ . A. I wear Size 17. B. I’m bigger than you. C. I’m 17 bigger.
( )7.Jim is 40 kg. Tom is 38 kg. Tom is ________ than Jim. A. taller B. thinner C. heavier
( )8. I’m 11 years old. My sister is 2 years older than me. She is ________.
( )9. I am ________ than my aunt. A. strong B. big C. shorter
( )10.My father is ________ than my grandpa. A. older B. younger C. smaller 四、根据句意写出所缺的单词
1. Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy’s.
2.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class.
3.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____.
4.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls.
5.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she).
6.Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig?
7.Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom?
8._____the girls get up_______(early) than the boys?No,they______.
9. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow).
10.The child doesn’t______(write) as ____(fast) as the students.
11. I’m 12 years old. You’re 14. I’m than you.
12. A rabbit’s tail is than a monkey’s tail.
13. An elephant is than a pig.
14. A lake is than a sea.
15.A basketball is than a football.
五、根据中文完成句子.
(1) 我比我的弟弟大三岁. I’m than my brother.
(2) 这棵树要比那棵树高. This tree (3) 你比他矮四厘米.You are than he.
(4) 谁比你重? than you？
六、选词补充短文。
(older, younger, are, is, playing, old, going, climbing, reading, listening, one, two, three, longer, shorter)
John is 12. He has three friends. They are Sarah, Amy and Mike. Sarah is 12 years _______. She has long hair. Sarah likes ______ the piano very much. Amy is 13. She is ______ year ______ than John. Her hair is not long, it is ______ than Sarah’s hair. Amy likes ________ books. Mike is 10. He is____ years ______than John. Mike and John like ____________mountains. They ______ good friends.