Unit 7 W hat’s the highest mountain in the world?
一、重点短语
1. as big as 与……一样大
as…….as 与…..一样(形容词副词) 同级比较中间加形容词副词原型
2. one of the oldest countries 最古老的国家之一
one of +the 形容词最高级+可数名词复数最……之一
3. feel free to do sth. 随意地做某事
4. as far as I know 据我所知（可用在作文当中发表自己的观点） In my opioion
5. man-made objects 人造物体
6. part of... ...... 的组成部分
7. the highest mountain 最高的山脉
8. in the world 在世界上
同义短语有：all over the world around the world throughout the world
9. any other mountain 其他任何一座山
10. of all the salt lakes 在所有的咸水湖中
11. run along 跨越… …
12. freezing weather 冰冻的天气
13. take in air 呼吸空气
14. the first people to do sth. 第一个做某事的人
15. in the face of difficulties 面临危险
16. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
17. achieve one’ s dream 实现某人的梦想
18. the forces of nature 自然界的力量
19. reach the top 到达顶峰
20. even though 虽然;尽管= even if as if= as though好像
21. at birth 在出生的时候
22. be awake 醒着 wake up 醒来，叫醒
23. run over with excitement 兴奋地跑过去
24. walk into sb. 撞到某人
25. fall over 摔倒
26. take care of 照顾;照料=look after= care for take care 当心，保重
27. every two years 每两年表频率相当于 once two years
28. cut down the forests 砍伐林木 cut down 砍到，削减
29. endangered animals 濒危动物
30. fewer and fewer pandas 大熊猫越来越少 fewer and fewer 越来越少 less and less 越来越少 more and more 越来越多
31. be in danger 处于危险之中
32. the importance of saving these animals拯救这些动物的重要性
二、知识点详解
1. Feel free to ask me anything on today’s Great Wall tour.
在今天的长城游中，大家尽管问我任何问题，不要拘束。 feel free 是英语口语中一个常用表达。若有人让你 feel free to do something, 就是让你无需拘束，只管按照自己的意愿去做某事。
e.g. A: Can I use your bathroom? 我可以用一下你的卫生间吗？ B: Yes, feel free. 可以，请随意。
2.As far as I know, there are no man-made objects as big as this. 据我所知，再没有像它这样大的人造物体了。 as far as I know 是一个固定的表达方式，还可以说 so far as I know, 意思是―据我所知。e.g. As far as I know, Jack’s got twin sisters.就我所知，杰克有一对孪生姐妹。 They’re not coming today, so far as I know. 他们今天不来了– 就我所知是这样的。
3. achievement n. 成就；成绩e.g.We felt a great sense of achievement when we reached the top of the mountain. 当我们到达山顶的时候，我们有一种巨大的成就感。
achieve v. 达到；完成；成功 e.g. He will never achieve anything if he doesn’t work harder. 如果他不加紧努力工作，他会一事无成。
4. southwestern adj. 西南的；西南方向的 e.g. Is this Southwestern Airline? 这是西南航空公司吗？5.include v. 包含；包括 e.g. Her hobbies include swimming and gardening.
6. condition n. 条件；状况 e.g. The piano was in good condition. 这台钢琴状况良好。
7. take in 吸入；容纳 e.g. Fish take in oxygen through their gills.
Take 常见短语：take off _________ take out___________ take away___________ take care_______
takeup__________ take after__________ take care of_____________
take a walk______________________ take a photo_____________________
8. succeed v. 实现目标；成功 e.g. If you try hard you’ll succeed. 你如果努力就会成功。
常用短语：succeed in doing sth. e.g. Police have finally succeeded in solving the mystery. 警察最终成功破解了这个疑案。
Succeed词性转变 success______________ successful____________
successfully______________
8. challenge v. & n. 挑战；考验
e.g. The job doesn’t really challenge him. 这项工作不能真正的考验他。
The new government’s first challenge is the economy. 新政府面临的第一个挑战是经济问题。
9. in the face of 面对（困难、问题等）
e.g. In the face of difficulties, he’s completely unafraid. 他在困难面前毫不胆怯。
10. force n. 力；力量 e.g. The thief took the money from the old man by force. 窃贼用暴力抢了老人的钱。
11. One of the world’s most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, …
―one of + the + 形容词的最高级 + 复数名词‖，意为―最……之一
如： Miss Wang is one of the most popular teachers in our school.
王老师是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。
12. It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top. It is + adj. + to do sth.， it 作形式主语放在句首，而把真正的主语放在句尾。常用于此句型的形容词有 important， difficult， dangerous， necessary， useful， possible 等，用来对 to do sth. 进行说明。
此句型可以转换成 To do sth. is + adj.。e.g. It is important to study English well. 学好英语很困难。
攀登珠穆朗玛峰很难。 It’s very difficult to climb Qomolangma.
13. Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms.
difficulty 既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词。作可数名词时通常用复数，表示具体概念，即：各式各样的 ―困难，难题，难事，如： He’s having financial difficulties. 他正手头拮据。 作不可数名词时，译作―困难，艰难，幸苦，如： She had great difficulty in understanding him. 她很难理解他说的话。
常见短语有：have difficulty in doing sth在……方面有困难
14. The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our
dreams.
give up 意为―放弃‖，后面可以接名词、代词或 v-ing形式作宾语。注意：如果其宾语是名词，那么名词可以放在 give 和 up 之间，也可以放在 up 之后；如果其宾语是代词，那么代词只能放在 give 和 up 之间。
如： My uncle wants to give up drinking wine. 我叔叔想戒酒。
Although English isn’t easy to learn, I won’t give it up. 虽然英语不易学，但我不会放弃。
15. Why do so many people try to climb this mountain even though it is dangerous? even though 用作从属连词，意为―即使；尽管‖，相当于 even if，引导让步状语从句，一般不与并列连词 but 连用。如： Mr. Wang will come on time even though it rains. 尽管下雨，但王老师会按时来。
16.At birth, a baby panda is about…
birth v. 出生 at birth 出生时 e.g. Man’s nature at birth is good. 人之初，性本善。
give birth to… 生（孩子）；产生
e.g. My aunt gave birth to a beautiful baby girl yesterday. 昨天我婶婶生下一个漂亮的小女孩。
17. A panda can live up to 20 to 30 years. up to 到达（数量，程度等）；不多于 e.g. In some area of Africa, children get educated up to 12 years old. 在非洲的一些地区，孩子最多受教育到 12 岁。18. …they run over with excitement and some of them even walk into their friends and fall over! run over 跑上前去
over adv.穿越；从……的一边到另一边 e.g. She ran over to say hello, but I didn’t recognize her. 她跑过来打招呼，但我没有认出她来。
19 walk into （走路时意外）撞上
e.g. As he was thinking too deeply and not playing attention to where he was going, he walked straight into a tree. 由于他陷入深思，没有注意看路，径直撞到了一棵树上。
20.over 摔倒；倒下 e.g. Don’t run too fast, or you might fall over. 别跑的太快，要不你会摔跤的。
fall over something 被某物绊倒
e.g. Tommy fell over the dog and broke his front teeth. Tommy 被那只狗绊了一跤，磕断了门牙。
21..Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the remaining.
living in the remaining forests 是一个现在分词短语，用做定语，修饰 pandas。
e.g. the girls singing under the tree 树下唱歌的女孩们forests
河边洗衣服的女人们 the women washing clothes by the rive
22.China has the largest population in the world.中国式世界上人口最多的国家。
Population 人口当前面有百分数，分数修饰的时候谓语动词用复数，没有则用单数 The world’s population is increasing faster and faster.
About 80% of the population in china are farmers.
问人口是多少切记：What is the population of…… 或者 How large is the population of What is the population of China? = How large is the population of China?
一定不能用How many 或 how much
修饰population同样用的是large或small,不能用much 或many
三、重点句型
1. It is +~adj. + (for sb. ) to do sth.
It is also very hard to take in air as you get near thetop.
当你接近山顶时，连呼吸都会困难。
It 作句中的形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to take in air, 这个句型在作文里可以多应用，常见有：It’s important for us to…… 做…..对于我们来说是……..
It is +adj+ of sb +to do sth介词 for，of 的选择取决于前面的形容词，前面的形容词可以用来形容一个人的性格，品质特征用of 常见有：kind, clever, smart, foolish, 对事而言的话，则用for,常见有hard, easy, difficult, important, necessary等
2. . . . is because...表语从句 … 原因是……
One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. 其中的一个主要的原因是人们想要在面临困难时挑战自己。
3. . . . show(s) that...宾语从句表明..... 证明
The spirit of these climbers shows us that weshould never give up tryin g to achieve our dreams. 这些登山者的精神向我们证明：我们永远都不应
该放弃实现自己的梦想。
4. How high/ deep/. . . is ... ?How high is Qomolangma?珠穆朗玛峰有多高？
5. Although. “ ，…
Although Japan is older than Canada，it is muchsmaller.
虽然日本比加拿大有更悠久的历史，但是日本比加拿大小多了。
6. sb. spend tim e/money doing sth.
Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eatingabout 10 kilos of bamboo.
成年大熊猫一天要花1 2 个多小时的时间吃大约
四、重点语法
形容词比较级最高级
大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
一、规则变化
1.一般在词尾直接加er或est，例如，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest
2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，例如，nice-nicer-nicest
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest
4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，例如，big-bigger-biggest
5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，例如，slowly-more slowly-most slowly；beautiful- more beautiful-most beautiful
二、不规则变化
形容词，副词等级的用法
一．只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too，so, enough, pretty等
例如，He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。
My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。
二．可以修饰比较级的词，much，a lot，far，…的多a little，a bit，…一点儿 even甚至，still仍然
例如，Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。 Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。
This train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快。
She drives still more carefully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。
常用的句型结构
三．原级句型：
1. A is as+原级+ as+ B 表示A 与B一样…
eg: He is as tall as me.
2.A is not as/so +原级+ as B表示A不如B…
eg:He is not as tall as me.
---He is shorter than me.
---I am taller than him. 2.当句中有than 时则用比较级。
eg: He is fatter than me.
3.当句子中的比较对象为两者时用比较级：“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，A or B？” eg: Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？
Who is taller ,Lucy or Lily?
4 “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
例如，He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。
The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。
*加more构成比较级的形容词则用more and more +形容词表示越来越…
eg: English is more and more important.
5. “the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。
例如，The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越认真，犯的错误越少。
6.“A+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+……”表示“A是两者中较……的”。
例如，Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.
7.A+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“A比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“A最……”。
例如，The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.
=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。
Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.
Mike gets to school earliest in his class.迈克在他们班到校最早。
五.最高级常用句型结构
(1)“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。
例如，Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。
This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。
(2)“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。
例如，Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。
(3)“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+A，B，or C？”用于三者以上
Which is the biggest? The moon,the sun or ths earth?
(4).”the +序数词+最高级+单数名词+范围”。表示…是第几大（…）
eg: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .
形容词最高级之前要加the,但当最高级之前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时则不用加theeg: He is the best student in my class.He is my best friend.