职称英语基础班基础班第8讲讲义
句子的三种模式
万事开头难，回去考考孩子
时态及特殊疑问句的构成
句子的三种模式
课堂练习
一、 分析下列句子的语法成份并将其译成中文，注意英汉两种语言词序上的异同。（带星
号的是英语中的谚语。）
1. *A bad beginning makes a bad ending.
2.
.
3. *One good mother is worth a hundred schoolmasters.
4. *Good temper（脾气）is like
I like fish. I am like fish.
▲ 主+系动词+表
注：*注意该结构中的名词，它们能被定语修饰。
Be---is am are Be---------was were Be------- will be
西门子 be the best
I am rich. I was rich. I will be rich. I would be rich.
▲ 谓+主+状 该句型通常用于表达某地存在某物（人）
注：该结构中的状语可以置于句首或句尾。
1 房间里 有 一张桌子。
某地 there is 某物 There is a table in the room. =In the room, there is a table.
There is a fool in the room. There is a fool on the room.
There is There are There was There were There will be There would be
------------------------------------------------------------------------ ▲ 主+谓+宾+状
注：在该结构中主谓是不可缺少的部分，宾格有无取决于动词是及物还是不及物动词，状语根据需要而定。
介词短语 副词 1.
,
Even though ulcers （溃疡） appear to run in families, lifestyle plays 扮演 more of a role角色 than genetic （基因的） factors in causing the illness, according to a report in the April 13 Journal of Internal Medicine. In particular, smoking and stress in men and the regular use of pain-releasing medicines in women were linked with an increased risk of developing an ulcer.
1. The passage argues 指出that
A. Ulcers are related to genes.
B. Ulcers are chiefly related to lifestyle . C. Ulcers appear in men and women.
D. Ulcers are caused by bacteria infection.
中国是圆脑袋，英国德国人是方脑袋。
th
时态讲解
BE THERE BE DO
The students study English. The students do not study English. Do the students study English?
Does
The student studies English . The student does not study English. Does the student study English?
▲ 一般过去时态的基本用法
一般过去时态表示过去的状态及发生的动作。
Work----worked
Eat -------ate drink drank
不规则动词由来 Did not
The student studied English . The students did not study English. Did the student study English?
● I went to school yesterday。 go
否定式及疑问句的构成
● I didn ’t go to school yesterday. Did you go to school yesterday?
▲ 一般将来时态的基本用法
在英语中，表示将来的动作或状态时，有多种形式。这里介绍四种常用形式。 1. will, shall
shall 用于第一人称，will 用于其它人称。
在现代英语中，尤其在美国，在表示将来的时候，所有人称都使用will 而shall 只用于一
些习惯用法。
will
● She London on Friday.
她将在星期五到伦敦。
● She will not arrive in London on Friday.
Will she arrive in London on Friday?
2. to be (am, are, is ) going to do
该种形式用来表示将来时，尤其是在口语中用的较多，常常含有“打算”的含义。
● I am going to get up at five o’clock tomorrow morning. 我明天早上打算五点起床。
否定式及疑问句的构成
● I am not going to get up at five o’clock tomorrow morning.
Are you going to get up at five o’clock tomorrow morning?
否定式及疑问句的构成
I am going to do
He (She) is going to do „„„.. We are going to do
They (You ) are going to do „„.
▲ 一般过去将来时态的基本用法
过去将来时态实际上是过去时态与将来时态相加构成的时间概念。
would
● I (think)he would take the chance.
我想他会抓住这个机会。
（相对于thought 这个过去时态的将来）
2. to be ( was / were ) going to
这种一般过去将来时态和我们上面讲的一般将来的用法是一样的。只是立足于过去某一点谈将来的事情。
● Yesterday, I was going to see my teacher. But I didn ’t go.
2. will, shall
shall 用于第一人称，will 用于其它人称。
在现代英语中，尤其在美国，在表示将来的时候，所有人称都使用will 而shall 只用于一些习惯用法。
● We will never forget you forever.
我将永远不会忘记你。
3. to be (am, are, is ) going to do (be)
该种形式用来表示将来时，尤其是在口语中用的较多，常常含有“打算”的含义。 ● Your fathert is going to die 死.
● I ’m going to have dinner at home this evening.
今天晚上我打算在家吃晚饭。
shall, will和to be going to的比较
● He is going to see his teacher this afternoon. ● He will see his teacher this afternoon.
第一句只是一种打算，第二句在一定程度上已经决定了。 ● I ’m going to climb to the top.
我打算昨天去看我的老师，但我没去。
● I will climb to the top.
will 和to be going to的区别有时并不十分明显，可以换用，但在有些情况下却不行。 ● I will never forget you. ╳ I ’m not going to forget you.
我们家谈末活动
父亲病危，医在如何表达 外企工作，与上司 我要死了，交待后事 高考考点
第二句不对。这里表示的不是一种打算而是一种不可能、决不会的意思。
第一句表达的是一种意向，第二句肯定程度比较大。
特殊疑问句的构成
▲ 特殊疑问句的构成 主语 系 表语 is not in the classroom.
Is he in the classroom?----------Yes. No. is in the classroom? 主语
1．
is on the desk? 主语
He is 主语 系 表语
Is where
表语
----- where is he ?
表语
He Is How old --How old is he?
2．
他在大学里，为了考试过去在星期日努力学习英语。 1. Who studied English hard in the university for the test on Sunday? 2. What did he do hard in the university for the test on Sunday? 3. What did he study hard in the university for the test on Sunday? ------------------------------------------- key
4. How did he study English in the university for the test on Sunday? 5. Where did he study English hard for the test on Sunday? 6. Why
did he study English hard in the university on Sunday? 7. When did he study English hard in the university for the test?
在英国教中文
主系表的特殊疑问句 ●老师在教室里。
The teacher is in the classroom. ●谁在教室里？ Who is in the classroom? ●谁的爸爸在教室里？ Whose father is in the classroom? ●老师在哪？ Where is the teacher? ●这个老师二十岁。 The teacher is 20 yeas old. ●你们老师多大了? How old is the teacher ? ●昨天老师在教室里。
The teacher was in the classroom yesterday. ●昨天老师几点在教室里？
When ( What time) was the teacher in the classroom yesterday?
there be的特殊疑问句 ●There is a book on the desk.
●Is there anything on the desk? ●Is there anybody in W.C? ●There are two books on the desk. ●How many books are there on the desk? ●How much water is there on the bottle?
How many books are there on the desk? How much water is there in the bottle?
职称英语重点提示
阅读理解常用提问方式
1. 有关主题思想的问题
1) The main （主要的）idea
is „
2) This passage tells us that „
best expresses（表达） the main
best
summarizes（概述） the author（作者）’s main point
states（陈述） the theme（主题） of
the passage?
6) The subject 主体的 matter 问题, 物质, 内容, 实质 is „
7) The passage mainly discusses（讨论）„
8) The passage illustrates（举例，阐明）„
9) This paragraph centers（中心）(focuses on)（中心，焦点）„
10) This passage mainly deals with（涉及）„
11) This passage is chiefly （首要） concerned with（有关）„
12) The author（作家 ）’s purpose（意图）
13) What is the passage mainly about?