转基因油菜研究进展
摘要油菜的遗传转化研究已日趋成熟, 用于转化的目的基因趋于多样化, 如品质改良、抗病、抗逆、不育基因等; 较常用的筛选标记基因是新霉素磷酸转移酶基因(NPT Ⅱ); 目前用于油菜基因转化的方法有根癌农杆菌介导法、基因枪法、PEG 法、激光微束穿刺法、显微注射法和花粉介导法等。主要从油菜筛选标记及转化方法方面进行综述, 并对油菜转基因上存在的问题及前景进行了探讨和展望。
关键词油菜; 转化基因; 筛选标记; 转化方法
AdvanceofStudiesonTransgenicBrassicanapus
LIU XiaoJING Yin
(Rape Research Center of Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083)
AbstractHeredity transform research of rape is more and more matcher.Transgenics are tending to diversify,as follows:quality reformation,resistant to disease,pests and adverse etc.Selection marker used is NPTⅡ.At present,there are several methods of transformation in rape,including tumefaciens-medidated genetic etc,particle gun,PEG untake,vialaser microbeam puncture and microinjection.The foundation of rape selection marker and transformation methods were mainly summarizes in the paper. The present status of rapeseed genetic transformation were reviewed and the problems and envision for further study were discussed.
Key wordsBrassica napus;transgene selection marker;transformation method
油菜是世界四大油料作物之一, 属十字花科(cruciferae)芸墓属(Brassica),主要包括甘蓝型油菜(B.napus)、芥菜型油菜(B.Juncea)和白菜型油菜(B.rapa)3个栽培种。随着生物技术的发展, 将目标基因直接导入油菜以改良其生物性状已成为当前油菜育种研究的热点。芸薹属植物遗传转化的主要方法有农杆菌介导法、电激法、基因枪法、激光微束穿刺法等, 由于对农杆菌的敏感性, 农杆菌介导法已成为油菜等芸薹属植物基因转化中最常用的方法。迄今为止, 已先后在甘蓝型油菜、白菜型油菜、芥菜等作物上, 实现了报告基因、抗除草剂基因、抗虫基因、抗病基因、雄性不育基因、改良蛋白组分基因等的遗传转化。笔者重点对转化目的基因、筛选标记和转化方法几个方面的进展进行综述。
1转化的目的基因