英语名词性从句的翻译
英语名词性从句包括主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句和同位语从句, 在翻译这类从句时, 大多数可以按照原文的句序翻译成相应的汉语, 但是也有一些具体的处理方法, 下面我们结合一些实例加以说明：
例1.How and when human language developed and whether animals such as chimpanzees and gorillas can develop a more elaborate system of communication are issues at present being researched, but as yet little understood.
人类的语言是如何发展起来的, 是什么时候形成的, 诸如黑猩猩和大猩猩一类的动物是否会形成一种更加复杂的交流系统, 都是现阶段人们研究的课题, 但对此人们都知之甚少。（主语从句）
例2.How well the prediction will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. (95年考题)
这些预测能在多大程度上被后来的成绩所证实取决于所使用的信息的量、可靠性和适合程度, 并取决于对信息作出解释的技能和智慧。（主语从句）
例3.It is often said that wide reading is the best alternative course of action but even here it is necessary to make some kinds of selection.
人们常说, 大量阅读是可供选择的最佳方案, 但即使在这一方面, 也需要某些选择。（主语从句）
例4.And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can by no means be compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. (93年考题)
许多人认为, 普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学的思维相比, 认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门的训练才能掌握。（主语从句）
例5.From the end of the Second World War until very recently, it was generally accepted in Britain that the State should provide a full range of free educational facilities from nursery schools to universities.
从第二次世界大战结束直到最近, 英国人普遍接受这样一个观点, 即: 国家应该提供从幼儿园到大学的全方位的免费教育设施。（主语从句）(注意: 此句翻译中增加了“观点”一词, 并使用了“即”一词, 使得汉语译文非常通顺。)
例6.He believes that the highly mobile American society leaves individuals with feelings of rootlessness, isolation, indifference to community welfare, and shallow personal relationships.
他认为, 流动性很大的美国社会留给个人的感觉是没有根基、孤立、对社会福利漠不关心和个人关系淡漠。（宾语从句）
例7.Some people think that it is a shame that a censor should interfere with works of art. (83年考题)
有些人认为审查员审查文艺作品是不光彩的事。（宾语从句）
例8.It is virtually impossible to imagine that universities, hospitals, large business or even science and technology could have come into being without cities to support them. (87年试题)
如果没有城市的支持, 简直难以想象会有大学、医院和大企业, 甚至连科学技术也不会有。（宾语从句）
例9.We fail to learn that pain is the body's way of informing the mind that we are doing something wrong, not necessarily that something is wrong.
我们不知道, 人体只是用疼痛这种方式通知大脑, 我们的行为出了差错, 而并 非一定
健康有问题。（宾语从句）
例10.You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories. (93年考题)
你们都多次听说过, 科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的, 他们用这种方法, 在某中意义上说, 力求从自然界找出某些自然规律, 然后, 他们根据这些规律, 用自己的某种非同一般的本领, 建立起他们的理论。（宾语从句）
例11.One aspect of analogies is that they are limited by the scientific understanding of the time.
类比存在的一个问题在于类比受所处时代的科学理解水平的限制。（表语从句）
例12.A even more possibility is that the dark matter is composed of sub-atomic articles left over the Big Bang that is believed to have sparked the creation of the universe.
另外一种可能是: 那些黑色物体是由“大碰撞”遗留的逊原子微粒组成。据认为“大碰撞”创造了宇宙。（表语从句）
例13.Galieo's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. (94年考题)
伽利略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空, 以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转, 而不是围绕地球。（表语从句）
例14.Unfortunately, Plato's analogy misses an important characteristic of memory, namely it is selective.
令人遗憾的是, 柏拉图所作的类比忽视了记忆的一个重要特性, 即记忆是有选择性的。（同位语从句）
例15.In spite of the fact that the authors who dealt with women's issues prior to 1949 agreed in principle that reforms had to be instituted, the outlook they depicted for reform was bleak.
尽管1949年以前研究妇女问题的作者原则上同意改革势在必行, 但他们为改革描绘的前景却是暗淡的。（同位语从句）(注意在本句的译文中, 省略了fact一词)