书面表达遣词造句
高考作文评分标准 1. 覆盖了全部要点，行文流畅
2. 结构清晰，使用了较多复杂的语法结构和高级词汇；
3. 个别连接词, 过渡句使用有些生硬、突兀。例如：Main points are as follows.
一. 词汇升级
1. 高级词优先，短语优先
like — favor／favorite /
be fond of/be keen on/be crazy about/fall in love with
think —suppose
take the attitude that
important —essential/significant/vital/critical
of great importance
remember — keep sth in mind/learn it by heart
difficult —
challenging/tough
very —extremely/surprisingly
visit —pay a visit to
use —make good/full use of
beautiful —attractive/charming/fascinating/appealing/graceful/elegant/gorgeous
2. 具体词优先
good —beneficial ／meaningful ／unforgettable/excellent
高考英语作文拿高分不得不备的74组词汇和短语
1. 认为, 主张: argue，maintain ，hold ，believe/
考虑:take...into consideration/account， think over，reflect on／upon → think
2. 下结论，断定: come to/arrive at/draw the conclusion，assert →judge
3. 获得: acquire，obtain ，attain ，earn ，gain →get
4. 支持，赞成: approve of，in favor of，stand by one's side，agree with，recommend →support 5. 反对: oppose, object to/抵制: resist→say no to
6. 意义深远的，重大的: far-reaching, profound, significant, eventful /重要的，有决定性的: vital, crucial, critical, decisive → important
7. 充分运用: make the most of, make full use of /使用utilize /应用: apply → use
8. 当前，目前: nowadays, at present, currently, presently →now
9. 勤奋的，勤勉的 diligent, industrious →hard-working
10. 认真的，谨慎的cautious →careful, serious
11. 表达: convey, express, deliver, communicate ,describe→say, tell
12. 聪明的，有才智的 intelligent, bright, wise, brilliant →clever
13. 疲惫不堪的 exhausted , worn-out,→tired
14. 参加 participate in, attend, take part in, go in for, engage in → join, enter
15. 集中精力于 focus on, concentrate on/专心于 set one's mind on → pay one’s attention to
16. 沮丧的，失意的 frustrated, discouraged, depressed, ow-spirited → sad
17. 努力做，尽力做 attempt to, make efforts to, endeavor to, manage to do → try to, work hard 18. 志气，抱负，渴望 aspiration, ambition, thirst → desire
19. 除……外 apart from, in addition to, along with → besides
20. 开展，实施，做 practice, carry out, conduct, perform → do
21. 优秀的 outstanding, perfect, remarkable, distinguished, excellent → good
22. 实现，完成 achieve, accomplish, fulfill, complete → finish
23. 解释 account for, illustrate, clarify →explain
24. 证明, 证实 testify, confirm, verify, turn out → prove
25. 碰到，遇到 come across, meet with, encounter→meet
26. 粗俗的，不雅的 improper, crude, rough →bad
27. 教育性的，启发性的 instructive, educational, enlightening ,informative→good
28. 难以置信的，惊人的，令人震惊的 fantastic, incredible, unusual, unbelievable, extraordinary, marvelous, striking, amazing, shocking, astonishing → great, surprising
29. 迷人的，吸引人的 charming, appealing, fascinating, attractive → beautiful, pretty
30. 请教, 咨询 consult, turn to sb for help →ask
31. 有偏见的，偏心的prejudiced,discriminative →unfair
32. 等不及, 渴望 cannot wait to, be eager to/for, long for, look forward to →want to
33. 事实上 in reality, as a matter of fact, practically, virtually, actually →in fact
34. 低等的，次要的 inferior, junior, secondary, insignificant →lower
35. 使信服 convince, persuade, confirm →make ... believe
36. 有敌意的，反对的 hostile,aggressive →not kind
37. 唯一的，仅有的 single, unique →only
38. 显示 point to, indicate, demonstrate, reflect→show
39. 节约的，节俭的 economical→saving, sparing
40. 迟早，最终 eventually ,sooner or later, at length, ultimately →finally, at last
41. 在我看来，就我而言 in my view, as far as I can see, in my mind, as far as I am concerned →in my opinion
42. 想出，想到 come up with, cross one's mind, occur to sb. →think
43. 需要 call for, require, demand →need
44. 真诚的，诚实的，正直的 sincere, truthful, upright →honest
45. 轻视，蔑视 despise, contempt →hate
46. 涌入 flood into, crowd into →come into, enter
47. 合作 cooperate, work side by side →work together
48. 建设性的，有益的 constructive, helpful, valuable, useful →good
49. 使……不安, 扰乱 upset, agitate, bother, disturb, trouble →worry
50. 易于，倾向于 tend to, be likely to →be possible
51. 失业的 unemployed, laid-off, workless →out of work
52. 熟悉, 知道 be acquainted with, be familiar with→know
53. 解决, 处理 settle, deal with, cope with→solve
54. 意识到 be aware of, be conscious of →realize
55. 消费 consume → spend
56. 决心做 be determined to do, make up one's mind to do →decide to do
57. 足够的，充足的 sufficient, adequate → enough, plenty
58. 永久地，长期不变地 permanently, constantly →unchangingly
59. 抛弃，放弃 abandon, quit →give up
60. 巨大的 tremendous, immense, huge, giant, enormous →very big
61. 不计其数的 countless, endless, unlimited, numerous→many
62. 熟人acquaintance/ 伙伴companion/密友，知己intimate →friend
63. 有意义的 meaningful 有价值的valuable →good
64. 提前，在……前 ahead of time, ahead of schedule, in advance→before
65. 迷人的，吸引人的 enchanting, charming, appealing, alluring, fascinating, attractive →beautiful 66. 猛烈的，激烈的 fierce, violent →strong
67. 繁荣的，兴旺的 booming/富裕的wealthy →rich
68. 娱乐，乐趣 entertainment, amusement →fun
69. 位于 be located, be situated, stand, sit →lie
70. 承受，经历 undergo, go through →experience
71. (整体) 由……组成 be made up of, consist of,be composed of→form
73. 毋庸置疑地，确信地 indisputably, undeniably, out of question, go without saying, unsurprisingly,
undoubtedly, It is no wonder that... , definitely →certainly, surely
74. 目击, 观察witness, observe, view →see
练习用陌生表达方式改写下列句子：
1. Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable.
2.We all think he is a great man.
3.Suddenly I thought out a good idea.
4.The students there needn’t pay for their books.
5. As a result，the plan was a failure.
6. When she heard he had died, she went pale with sorrow.
7. She went to Austria in order to study music.
8.In our school, there are twenty-six classrooms.
9.You can find my house easily.
Possible answer:
1. thanks to the good weather…. 2. think highly of… 3. occurred to … 4.be free of charge
5. turned out…. 6.on hearing …. 7.with the purpose of….
8.consists of…..9. have no difficulty in doing sth…
二. 句式多变，丰富内容
写作遵循长短句结合的原则，三短一长，简单句与并列句复合句结合使用，结合倒装句型，非谓语动词用法。
1. 扩句，使简单句变成复合句——适当增加细节
① I go to school.
I walk to school with two friends of mine every morning and we usually talk happily feeling rather relaxed.
② Mrs. Wang is a good teacher.
Mrs. Wang is an English teacher who is patient, knowledgable and humorous and she is always ready to help whoever turn to her for advice. ③ There will be a photograph show at our school tomorrow. The theme of the
show is environment protection.
There will be a photograph show held at our school, the theme of which is environmental protection
2. 句式多变（倒装句，强调句，感叹句，it 句型）
倒装句
部分倒装可灵活用于写作中
• 用于 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, little, rarely, nowhere, at no time, by no means , in no way, in no case ,in on circumstance， on no condition, on no account, not only 等否定词开头的句子里。 请观察以下句子:
（1）Never shall I do this again.
（2）At no time can yousay “no ” to the order.
（3）Seldom does heeat breakfast.
（4）Not only did he speak English correctly, but also he speaks it fluently
请比较Not only men but also women 总结：如果not only…but also连接的是两个并列的主语不倒装
• 用于only 开头的句子(only位于句首, 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句) 。和not … until … 的句型中观察以下两组句子：
did I realize what trouble he was in.
Only in this way can you learn English well.
总结：如果置于句首的由only 引导的词组不是状语，而是主语，则主谓不倒装。
• as ／though 让步状语省略和倒装
Child(省略冠词)as/though he is, he knows a lot of Chinese characters.
Try as he might, he couldn't solve the problem.
Raining as it is, I'm going out for a walk.
Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident.
Much as I would like to help, I have a lot to do.
强调句
1、陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 2、一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it 前面。 e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping? 3、特殊疑问句的强调句型： e.g. When and where was it that you were born? 4、强调句例句：针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。 强调主语：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. 强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday. 强调地点状语：It was at the railwaystation that I met Li Ming yesterday. 强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station. 5、注意：构成强调句的it 本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, wh o ，即使在强调时间状被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？ 语和地点状语时也如此，that, who 不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was … ，其余的时态用It is … 。
not … until … 句型的强调句
1、句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分 e.g. 普通句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back. 强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed. 2、注意：此句型只用until ，不用till 。但如果不是强调句型，till, until 可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not … 已经是否定句了，that 后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
感叹句
一、用感叹词what 和它所修饰的名词短语置于句首，其他成分次序不变。
●句型Ⅰ：what + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语。
1. The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _What a dangerous scene it was! ●句型Ⅱ：what + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语。
2. What big fish! When did you get them?
●句型Ⅲ：what + 形容词 +不可数名词 +主语 +谓语。
3. Whatterrible weather we’ve been having these days!
二、用感叹词how 和它所修饰的词置于句首，其他成分次序不变。
●句型Ⅳ：how + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语。
4.How wonderful a picture it is!
●句型Ⅴ：How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语。
5 . How different life today is from what it was 30 years ago!
●句型Ⅵ：How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语。
6. How quickly you walk!
●句型Ⅶ：How + 主语 + 谓语 +其它！
7. How I wish that every family had a car in China!
综上所述，标准的感叹句主要有以上七种基本句型，
如果中心词是可数的复数名词和不可数名词只能用what ，不能用how;
但是，当中心词是单数可数名词时，要根据形容词和不定冠词的位置来决定what 和how 的选择； 如果中心词是副词或形容词时，只能用how, 不能用what 。
it 句型总结
1. It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain…) that…
该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）＂ 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
= That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.
2. It is important (necessary, right, strange, natural…) that…
该句型和上一个同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气
（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。
It is important that we (should) learn English well.
It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.
3. It is said (reported, learned…) that…
该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉．．．）”。
It is said that he has come to Beijing.
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.
4. It is suggested (ordered…) that…
该句型和上一个同属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省。常译为“据建议…；有命令…”
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in two hours.
5. It is a pity (a shame…) that…
该句型中，that 后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
6. It is time (about time, high time) that…
该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是①常用过去时态表示虚拟．②有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省。常译为“是（正是）…的时侯…”。
It is time that children should go to bed.
= It is time that children went to bed.
7. It is the first (second ...) time that...
该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。
该结构中that 可以省去；it 有时用this 替换．常译为“是第一（二）．．．次…”。
It is the first time I have been here.
= This is the first time I have been here.
8. It is.... since...
该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。
It is (has been) 5 years since his father died.
9. It is ... when...
该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当…的时候…，是”。
It was 5 o’clock when he came here.
10. It is ... before...
该句型主句中的 it 指时间, 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为“…之后…”。
It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.
It will be not long before he finishes his job.
11. It happens (seems, looks, appears) that...
该句型中it 是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen , seem等词是不及物动词。 It happened (so happened) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧…
It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来…
12. It takes sb... to do sth.
该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it 是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为“做…要花费某人…”。
It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.
13. It is no good (use) doing sth.
该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use )。
It is no good learning English without speaking English.
14. It doesn’t matter whether (if)...
该句型中whether(if) 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为“不论（是否）…没关系…。
It doesn’t matter if they are old.
15. It is kind (of sb.) to do sth.
常见的有： bad , brave , careless, clever , cruel , foolish , good （好心的）, honest , horrible , kind , lazy , modest , naughty , nice（有教养的）, polite, rude , silly , stupid , wise , wrong（错误的）等。
这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth.
三. 翻译提示要点的英语思维
1. 正着不会反着说 好朋友之间应该毫无保留
中国文化经久不衰
Chinese culture lasts for a long time.
不用找零
You can keep the change.
还没睡吗？
Are you still up？
地板未干
Floor is wet.
2. 你不会说我来说
他的儿子继承了她所有的财产。继承：inherit 财产propoty
She gave all her money to her son.
你们这能刷卡吗？
Can I use bank card?
3. 以不变应万变
她裸着
She wears nothing,
There are no clothes on her.
学习是头等大事
Study is the first priority.
Study is the most important thing and it should be done first.
这是慢性疾病
The disease is chronic.
The disease will last for a long time.
练习：
这个职位是配车的。
There is a car for you if you get this job.
A car goes with this job.
刚才我们说到哪了？
What did we just talk about?
Where were we?
证据对他不利
The evidence doesn't benefit him.
The evidence is against him.
我昨天上班迟到了
I was late when I went to work yesterday.
I was late for work yesterday.
英汉差别：
1. 汉语习惯以人做主语，英语场会用物做主语（主被动转化）
2. 汉语强调动作，英语强调方位
3. 汉语中的动词在英语中会用介词替代
4. 英语语序是先说主谓后说其他成分，汉语经常先说其他成分，比如时间状语昨天。