动词过去式变化规则及其读音规则
规则动词的过去式变化如下:
1、一般情况下,动词词尾加 -ed ,如:
work ---worked, play---played ,wanted----wanted, act----acted
2、以不发音的 -e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 -d ,如:
live---lived, move----moved ,taste---tasted, hope---hoped
3、以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把-y 变为-i 再加-ed ,如:
study---studied ,copy---copied ,cry---cried ,carry---carried
4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 -ed ,如: stop ---stopped
5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
go – went ,make – made ,get – got ,buy - bought ,come - came, fly-flew
不规则动词的过去式的构成
1.把动词原形中的i 改为a ,变成过去式。如:
begin —began ,drink —drank ,give —gave ,ring —rang ,sing —sang ,sit —sat ,swim —swam
2.把重读开音节中的i 改为o ,变成过去式。如:
drive —drove ,ride —rode ,write —wrote
3.改动词原形中的aw /ow 为ew ,变成过去式。如:
draw —drew ,grow —grew ,know —knew ,throw —threw (动词show 除外,show —showed )
4.动词原形中的e 改为o ,变成过去式。如:
get —got ,forget —forgot
5.动词原形中的ee 改为e ,变成过去式。如:
feed —fed ,meet —met
6.动词原形中的eep 改为ept ,变成过去式。如:
keep —kept ,sleep —slept ,sweep —swept
7.动词原形中的eak 改为oke ,变成过去式。如:
break —broke ,speak —spoke
8.动词原形中的ell 改为old ,变成过去式。如:
sell —sold ,tell —told
9.动词原形中的an 改为oo ,变成过去式。如:
stand —stood ,understand —understood
10.以ought 和aught 结尾,且读音是〔 :t〕的过去式。如:
bring —brought ,buy — bought,think —thought ,catch —caught ,teach —taught
11.以ould 结尾且读音为〔ud 〕的情态动词过去式。如:
can —could ,shall —should ,will —would
12.把动词原形中的o 改为a ,变成过去式。如:
come —came ,become —became
13.在动词原形后加d 或t 变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:
hear 〔hi ə 〕—heard 〔h ə: d〕, say 〔sei 〕—said 〔sed 〕,mean 〔mi:n〕—meant 〔ment 〕
14.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:
let —let ,must —must ,put —put ,read —read 〔red 〕
15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:
am ,is —was ,are —were ,build —built ,do —did ,eat —ate ,fall —fell ,feel —felt ,find —found ,fly —flew ,go —went ,have /has — had,hold —held ,leave —left ,make —made ,may —might ,run —ran ,see —saw ,take —took
过去式“-ed”的发音规则
(1)动词词尾为“t,d”时,发/ id /音,
want →wanted (要),need →needed (需要)
(2)动词词尾为清辅音时,发/ t / 音。
help →helped (帮助),laugh →laughed (笑),loo k →looked (看)
kiss →kissed (吻),wash →washed (洗), watch →watched (注视)
(3)动词词尾为t ,d 以外之浊辅音或元音时,发/ d /音。
call →called (叫),stay→stayed (停留),cry→cried (哭)