冠词的定义
冠词是虚词, 本身不能单独使用, 也没有词义, 它用在名词的前面, 帮助指明名词的含义。冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在，表示的主语数量或者特征。
冠词的分类
冠词分为不定冠词"a ，an" 、定冠词"the" 和零冠词三种，零冠词指的是不用冠词的情况。不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指。
不定冠词的用法
不定冠词有"a 和an" 两种形式。"a" 用在以辅音开头的词前，"an" 用在以元音开头的词前。判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头，是根据读音而不是根据字母。
1. 用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示" 一"
There is a tiger in the zoo. 动物园里有一只老虎。 2. 表示一类人和东西
A tiger can be dangerous. 老虎可能有危害性。 3. 表示" 某一个" 的意思
A gentleman wants to see you. 有一位先生要见你。 4. 表示" 同一" 的意思
They are nearly of an age. 他们几乎同岁。
The two shirts are much of a size. 这两件衬衫大小差不多。 5. 表示" 每一" 的意思
We go swimming four times a week. 我们每周去游泳四次。 6. 用在作表语的单数可数名词前，表示身份、职业 My mother is a teacher. 我妈妈是教师。
7. 第一次提到的人或事物，但不特别指明是哪一个
Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter. 很久很久以前，有一个年老的国王，他有一个非常美丽的女儿。
8. 在such a，quite a句式中
He is quite a good actor. 他是一个相当好的演员。 Don't be in such a hurry. 不要如此匆忙。 9. 在感叹句 what... 的句式中
What a pretty girl she is! 她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀！ 10. 用在某些固定词组中：
a lot of 许多 a couple of 一对 a great many 很多
a dozen 一打（但也可以用 one dozen） a great deal of 大量 take a bus have a good time live a happy life
定冠词的用法
1. 用以特指某（些）人或某（些）事物
This is the house where Luxun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。
2. 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物 Open the door, please.
3. 用以复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用“the”）
Once there lived a lion in the forest. Every day the lion asked small animals to look for food for him. 从前森林里住着一只狮子。每天这只狮子要小动物们为他寻找食物。 4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前
January is the first month of the year. Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
5. 表示宇宙中世界上独一无二的事物
the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky 天空 the world 世界
注：有些物体虽然也是独一无二的，但习惯上却不用冠词：space 太空，nature 自然，heaven 天堂
6. 指由普通名词构成的专有名词
the West Lake 西湖 the Great Wall 长城
the United States 美国 the United Nations 联合国
7. 表示方向、方位 用在表示计量的名词前{度量衡} by the ton/pound/yard/metre/kilo 注意by 后面接上表示面积 体积 重量 长 高 短 深时 中间不加冠词 如 by volume/weight/length/width/depth
in the east 在东方 in the west 在西方 in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面 in the bottom 在底部 at the top 在顶部 on the right 在右边 on the left 在左边 8. 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Huanghe River 黄河
the Tianshan Mountains 天山山脉 the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡 9. 在姓氏复述前，表示一家人
The Bakers came to see me yesterday. 贝克一家人昨天来看我。 10. 和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物 the poor 穷人 the rich 富人the sick 病人 the wounded 伤员 the good 好人 the beautiful 美丽的事物 11. 用在表示阶级、政党的名词前 the working class 工人阶级
the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党 12. 用在the very强调句中
This is the very book I want. 这就是我想要的那本书。 13. 在the more, the more比较级的句式中
The more you drink, the more you like it. 你越喝就越爱喝。 14. 表示演奏乐器时，乐器的前面要加the
play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 *中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用:play erhu(二胡)] the+n{发明物} 必须是单数 who invented the telephone? 15. 某些固定的表达法
in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影 go to the theatre 去看戏 all the year round 一年到头 on the way to 前往... 去的路上
16. the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物
The horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。 注意：像这类句子还有如下两种写法
A horse is a useful animal. Horses are useful animals.
17. 在句型“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”中要用 the ，而不用人称代词。 take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂 hit sb. in the face 打某人的脸
be red in the face 脸红 be lame in the right leg 右腿瘸 等结构中, 名词前要用the 18 用在世纪或逢时的复数名词前 in the18th century in the 1960s 19 多与民族 国籍的形容词连用
the chinese are brave hard-working people 中国人是勤劳和勇敢的人 20 用于报刊 杂志 会议 条义 历史 时期 朝代的名词前 the Xian incident 西安事变
零冠词的用法
1. 专有名词前一般不加冠词
China 中国 Europe 欧洲
Lei Feng 雷锋 William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚 2. 月份、星期、节日前一般不加冠词
January 一月份 Sunday 星期日
Christmas Day 圣诞节 Thanksgiving 感恩节 National Day 国庆节 May Day 劳动节 比较： ...on a Sunday morning.
在一个星期天的早晨... （表示某一个。）
注:民族节日前要加the 如:the Spring Festival 3. 三餐、四季前一般不加冠词 冠词和三餐的搭配
三餐名词单独使用时，之前通常不加冠词 三餐名词之前若加形容词时则除外：
We have breakfast at eight． 我们8点钟吃早饭。
He gave us a good breakfast． 他请我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。
Summer is the best season for swimming. 夏天是游泳的好季节。
比较： I had a big lunch yesterday. 昨天我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。（表示某一个）
The dinner given by Mr Smith was very nice.史密斯先生款待的晚宴真是美味（表示特指） 比较： I will never forget the summer we spent in Hawaii.
我永远不会忘记我们一起在夏威夷度过的那个夏天。（表示特指） 4. 进行球类运动
play basketball play volleyball play football
5. 没有特指的物质名词
This cart is made of wood. 这辆手推车是用木头作的。
比较： The wood outside was all wet. 外面的那些木头都湿了。（表示特指） 6. 没有特指的不可数抽象名词 Time is precious. 时间是宝贵的。
比较： The time of the play was 1990s.
这个剧本的时代背景是二十世纪九十年代。（表示特指） 7. 没有特指的可数名词复数形式后。 I like tomatoes. 8. 山峰
Mount Qomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰 9. 固定词组
go to school 去上学 go to bed 上床睡觉 go by train 乘火车去 go by boat 乘船去 at table 在用餐 in hospital 住院 at school 求学 in school 求学 at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上 at midnight 在半夜 in town 在城里 10. 独立结构中的名词不加冠词 A boy came in, book in hand. 一个男孩进来，手上拿着书。 11. 泛指人类
Man is mortal. 人必有一死。
12. 在"kind of＋名词 sort of＋名词" 句式中 What kind of flower is it? 这是什么花？ I like this sort of book. 我喜欢这种书。
13. 指职位、头衔的词，如king ，captain ，president ，chairman 等。 He is (the) captain of the team. 他是球队的队长。
As (the) chairman of the committee, I declare the meeting open. 作为委员会主席，我宣布会议开始。
介词短语与冠词
注意下列短语的区别：
at table 在进餐 at the table 在桌子旁边 at desk 在读书 at the desk 在课桌旁 at school 在上学 at the school 在学校里 in class 在上课 in the class 在班级里面 in bed 卧床 in the bed 在床上
in prison 坐牢 in the prison （因事）在监狱 in hospital 住院 in the hospital （因事）在医院 go to school 去上学 go to the school （因事）去学校 go to bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed 在床上
go to hospital 去看病 go to the hospital 去医院 take place 发生 take the place of代替
in place of 代替 in the place of 在... 的地方
be in charge of 负责 be in the charge of 由... 负责 by day 在白天 by the day 按日计算
in possession of拥有 in the possession of 为... 所有 three of us 我们中的三个人 the three of us 我们三个人 in case of 万一 in the case of 就... 来说
out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 完全不可能 通常使用不定冠词的短语：
after a while 过了一会儿 all of a sudden 突然 as a rule 通常 as a result 结果，因此 as a matter of fact 事实上 as a whole 大体上 at a loss 不知所措 in a hurry 急忙 in a way 在某种程度上 in a word 总而言之 It’s a pity that… 令人遗憾的是… come to an end 结束
come to a conclusion 得出结论 have a good time 玩得愉快 have a rest 休息一下 have a cold 感冒
have a word with 和…谈一谈 keep an eye for 对…有鉴赏力 make a living 谋生 make a fire 生火
make a fool of 愚弄 take a walk 散步
冠词位置
1) 不定冠词位置
不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意：
a. 位于下列形容词之后： such ，what ，many ，half ， I have never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit for the job.
b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后：
It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. So short a time. Too long a distance.
c. quite，rather 与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。
但当rather ，quite 前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。如：quite a lot
d. 在as ，though 引导的让步状语从句中，当标语为形容词修饰的名词时，不定冠词放形容词后：
Brave a man though he is，he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。
当名词被比较级形容词修饰时，不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。 2) 定冠词位置
定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all ， both ，double ，half ，twice ，three times等词之后，名词之前。
All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有学生都出去了。
冠词与形容词+名词结构
1) 两个形容词都有冠词，表示两个不同东西。
He raises a black and a white cat. 他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。 The black and the white cats are hers. 这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。 2) 如后一个形容词无冠词，则指一物。
He raises a black and white cat. 他养了一只花猫。
冠词的使用错误
大家除了掌握使用冠词的基本规则外，还应不拘泥于规则，注意冠词的活用：
1．表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前一般加定冠词the; 但如果名词前有修饰语，也可
能用不定冠词a,an 。
the world, a peaceful world the moon, a bright moon
2. 表示一日三餐的名词前面一般不用冠词，但前面如果有了定语修饰，也可能用不定冠
词a, an。
Have you had supper?
We had a wonderful supper.
3. 表示乐器的名词前一般用定冠词the, 但前面如果出现定语修饰，也可能用不定冠词a,
an 。
He starts his day by playing the violin. He is playing a borrowed violin.
4. 介词与表示交通工具的名词连用表示笼统的方式，前面一般不用冠词，但如果名词的
前面出现了修饰语，前面需加冠词。 He went to the station by car.
He went to the station in a black car. 5. 表示语言的名词前一般不用冠词，但后面如果出现language 一词，前面需加定冠词the 。 English=the English language French=the French language
6. turn用作系动词时，后面作表语的单数名词前不用冠词。
He turned writer many years later.(=He became a writer many years later.)
冠词口诀
冠词分为定冠、不定冠，
世上物体独一个，人或事物再次提 以下情况冠词免，学科球类三顿饭 不定冠词a 和an ，“—”的含义表泛指
表示特指要用the ，次序、方位、最高级 名词复数表泛指，季节星期月份前
05-08 全国各地高考冠词真题
1. (05江苏) On May 5, 2005, at ____ World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won the gold medal in men’s couples with ____score of 4:1.
A. a; a B. 不填；the C. a; 不填 D. the; a 2. (05北京)It is often said that____ teachers have ___ very easy life.
A. 不填；不填 B. 不填；a C. the; 不填 D. the; a
3. （05全国Ⅲ）If you go by ____ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get ____ fast one.
A. the; the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. 不填；不填 4. （05安徽）After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson _____ ride to ____ Capital Airport. A. the; a B. a; the C. 不填；a D. 不填; the 5. （05山东）I knew ____ John Lennon, but not ____ famous one.
A. 不填；a B. a; the C. 不填; the D. the; a
6. (05江西) If you grow up in ___ large family, you are more likely to develop ___ ability to get on well with ___ others.
A. /; an; the B. a; the; / C. the; an; the D. a; the; the
7. (05浙江) Mrs. Taylor has ___ 8-year-old daughter who has ____ gift for painting---she has won two national prizes.
A. a; a B. an; the C. an; a D. the; a
8. (2006北京卷) — I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over __________.— You shouldn’t put
drinks near __________ computer.
A. the; 不填 B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a
9. (2006湖南卷)In __________ review off 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women
who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of __________ heart disease by 76%. _______ A. a; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D.不填; a
10. (2006辽宁卷)Of all __________ reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s
advice was __________ most important one.
A. the; a B. 不填; a C. 不填; the D. the; the
11. (2006山东卷)For him __________ stage is just __________ means of making a living.
A. a; a B. the; a C. the; the D. a; the
12. (2006陕西卷)According to __________ World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent __________ spread of AIDS.
A. the; 不填 B. the; the C. a; a D. 不填; the
13. (2006重庆卷) Everywhere man has cut down __________ forests in order to grow crops, or to use
__________ wood as fuel or as building material.
A. the; the B. the; 不填 C. 不填; the D. 不填; 不填
14. (2006全国III) I know you don’t like __________ music very much. But what do you think of
__________ music in the film we saw yesterday?
A. 不填; 不填 B. the; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填; the
15. (2006全国I) — Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?— Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t __________
Mr. Smith here.
A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one
16. (2007北京卷)I looked under __________ bed and found __________ book I lost last week. A. the; a B. the: the C. 不填; the D. the; 不填 17. (2007福建卷) —How about __________ Christmas evening party? —I should say it was __________ success.
A. a; a B. The; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填
18. (2007湖南卷) Polar bears live mostly on __________ sea ice, which they use as __________ platform
for hunting seals.
A. a; a B. a; the C. 不填; a D. the; 不填
19. (2007江苏卷)We have every reason to believe that __________ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be __________ success.
A. 不填; a B. the; 不填 C. the; a D. a; a
20. (2007江西卷)Many people have come to realize that they should go on __________ balanced diet and
make __________ room in their day for exercise.
A. a; 不填 B. the; a C. the; the D. 不填; a
21. (2007全国II) —Could you tell me the way to __________ Johnsons, please?
—Sorry, we don’t have __________ Johnson here in the village.
A. the; the B. the; a C. 不填; the D. the; 不填
22. (2007山东卷)__________ walk is expected to last all day, so bring __________ packed lunch.
A. A; a B. The; 不填 C. The; a D. A; 不填
23. (2007陕西卷)In __________ film Cast Away. Tom Hanks plays __________ man named Chuck Noland.
A. a; the B. the; a C. the; the D. a; a
24. (2007四川卷) How about taking __________ short break? I want to make __________ call.
A. the; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; a
25. (2007天津卷)I wanted to catch __________ early train, but couldn’t get __________ ride to the station. A. an, the B. 不填, the C. an, 不填 D. the, a
26. (2007浙江卷) I like __________ color of your skirt. It is __________ good match for your blouse. A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the
27. (2007重庆卷) George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was
__________ Sunday because everybody was at __________ church. A. 不填; the B. the; 不填 C. a; 不填 D. 不填; a
28. (2008辽宁卷) My neighbor asked me to go for _________ walk, but I don’t think I’ve got _________
energy.
A. a; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填; the D. a; the
29. (2008全国Ⅱ) It’s not _________ good idea to drive for four hours without _________ break.
A. a; a B. the; a C. the; the D. a; the
30. (2008山东卷)Students should be encouraged to use _____ Internet as _________ resource. A. 不填; a B. 不填; the C. the; the D. the; a
31.(2008湖南卷22）22. Have you heard ______ news？The piece of _______ petrol is going up again!
A. the, the B. 不填，the C. the, 不填 D. 不填，不填 32. （2008江苏卷21）We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______
continent. A. the; the B. 不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填 33. （2008江西卷30）--- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.
--- It is not your fault. With __ rush-hour traffic and __ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.
A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a
34. （2008陕西卷）10. I ate _________ sandwich while I was waiting for _________ 20:08 train. A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. a, a
35.(四川卷)8. In the United States, there is always ____ flow of people to areas of ______ country where more jobs can be found.
A. a; the B. the ; a C. the; the D. a; a
36. （2008浙江卷）2. ______ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head. A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填
37（2008重庆卷） In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation.
A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the