现在进行时vs过去进行时
现在进行时的构成:助动词be的现在时形式(am, is, are)+动词现在分词
现在进行时的用法:
1)表示说话时正在进行的动作或者现在阶段正在进行的行为。能用于现在进行时的动作一般都是表示延续动作的动态动词。
如:——What are you doing?
——I am writing a letter.
☆注意:现在进行时的这种用法和一般现在时的区别。
A)一般现在时态往往重在说明事实,而进行时强调时间的延续,动作的持续。 如:He lives/is living in Beijing.
It rained/was raining hard last night.
B)一般现在时和现在进行时都可以表示持续的动作。但进行时的动作持续时间没有一般现在时那种持久性。也就是说,持续很长时间的,或者永久性动作用一般时。短时间的、暂时性的动作用进行时。
如:We start work at 8:00, but for this week, we are only starting at 8:30.
试比较:
Where does Henry work?亨利在哪儿工作?(固定的工作)
与
Where is Henry working?亨利现在在哪儿干活?(临时性工作)
2)现在进行时经常和always,constantly,forever,continually等频度副词连用,经常发生的动作的某种感情色彩。
如:She is forever complaining that it is too hot.
She is always ringing me up.她老是给我打电话。
She is always borrowing money from me and forgetting to pay me back.
她老是向我借钱但总时忘还。(抱怨的口吻)
I am always meeting Tom in that park..我总是在那个公园碰到汤姆。(觉得奇怪) 试比较:
He is always doing his homework.他总是在做作业。(没完没了)
He always does his homework.他总是做作业。(按时完成作业)
注意:这种用法也可能不带感情色彩。可根据上下文判断。
如:Happy and healthy children are always playing.
这句话只是强调了玩耍动作的反复出现。
3)表示按计划安排在近期内即将发生的动作。即现在进行时表示将来的用法,通常和表示将来的时间状语连用。常这样用的动词大多为表示位移变化的动词:come, go, leave, start, arrive, return, stay.以及work, play, do, have, wear, give等。
如:Mary is leaving China 3 days later(时间状语).
We are having a party next week.
用arrive 和 stay 的进行时表将来。).
4)※用在时间,条件等从句中,用现在进行时表示将来正在进行的动作。
如:I will telephone you while/when I am waiting for the train.
我等火车时会给你打电话。
If you are doing your housework, i will come to help you.
5)表示委婉语气。这种用法和一般过去时基本一样。但更加委婉,礼貌。
如:I wonder/wondered/ am wondering/was wondering if you could give me a help.
其中,i was wondering 语气最委婉。
6)表示过去刚刚发生的动作。
如:I don't know what you are talking about.我不明白你在说些什么。
You don't believe it? You know i'm telling the truth.你知道我讲的都是实话。
过去进行时
过去进行时的构成:助动词be的过去时形式(was, were)+动词现在分词
过去进行时的用法:
1)表示过去某一时刻,或某一阶段正在进行的动作。通常和表示过去的时间状语连用。 What were you doing yesterday at 7:00 p.m.?(过去某一时刻)
From 1983 to 1988, he was teaching English at Yale(耶鲁大学)。(过去某一阶段)
2)表示过去的习惯性,经常性动作。但是这种习惯性动作具有过去某一阶段的暂时性。 如:
In those days, Tom used to get up at 9:00, but that week, he was getting up at 5:00 every day.
3)过去进行时经常和always,constantly,forever,continually等频度副词连用,某种行为的厌烦等不满情绪。
He was always playing tricks on me.
他老是捉弄我!
4)表示过去将来时间里按计划安排即将发生的动作。即表示过去将来。
如:They were leaving a few days later.
5)※用在时间,条件等从句中,用过去进行时表示过去将来正在进行的动作。 如:He told me to wake him up if he was sleeping.
I will let you know when Mary is arriving.
6)表示委婉语气。这种用法和过去进行时基本一样。表示委婉,礼貌的程度最深。 I hope/hoped/am hoping/was hoping that you could lend me some money. 其中, i was hoping 的委婉程度第一。
7)过去进行时用于虚拟语气,表示对现在或将来的主观臆想,与事实相反的情况。 如:She wishes that she were coming with us tomorrow.(对将来的虚拟) 她希望明天和我们一起来。
I wish that they were not talking so loudly.(对现在的虚拟)
☆注意:当一般过去时和过去进行时同时出现在句中,通常是表示短暂动作的动词用一般过去时,而表示较长时间的动作用过去进行时。
如:I broke a glass while I was cooking in the kitchen. The students were still laughing when the teacher came in the classroom.