二、主谓一致
【要点点拨】
英语句子中谓语动词的数必须与主语的人称和数取得一致，这就叫做主谓一致。解决主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1：either , neither , each , one , the other , another , anybody , anyone , anything , somebody , someone , something , everything ,everybody , everyone ,no one , nothing ,nobody 做主语时，谓语一般用单数。
Neither of the two sentences is correct .
Everything around us is matter .
(注意：none , neither, all ,any作主语时，谓语可用单数，也可用复数，具体取决于说话人的意思。)
None of them owns/own a car .
Neither of the boys are / is interested in geography.
All are here. And all that can be done has been done.
2 ：表示“时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积”等度量的名词做主语时，谓语用单数。
Five minutes is enough .
Four hundred francs is a lot of money .
3：each …and each …，every …and every ;no …and no ;many a …and many a …等结构由于强调个体行为，因此谓语动词使用单数。
Each boy and each girl has got a new English-Chinese dictionary .
No sound and no voice is heard for a long time .
4：从句、不定式、动名词或短语作主语时谓语动词使用单数形式。
To say something is one thing , to do it is another .（to say something , to do 是不定式）
“How do you do?” is not a question but a greeting .（How do you do ?是句子，作主语）
(注意：what 引导主语从句时应注意其所指的具体内容来确定谓语的单复数。)
What we need is more time ,while what they need are more doctors and medicines .
5：one and a half 后面带名词的复数，谓语动词常用单数。
One and half bananas is left on the table .
6：用and 连接的两个名词表示单一概念时谓语动词使用单数。
The headmaster and Party secretary is going abroad next month .
Bread and butter is my usual breakfast .
7 ：有些名词呈复数形式，但并不表示复数概念。
The news is disappointing that a chemical works is to be built in the west of the city .
8：名词由and 或both …and 连接主语时，谓语动词使用复数形式。
Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop .
9：people , public , police , cattle 做主语时，谓语动词习惯上使用复数。
The police have caught the murderer. And people are talking about the news.
考点10：表示成双、成套的名词作主语时，谓语动词使用复数。
Your trousers are too long, but these shoes fit you quite well.
但有a pair of 连接时，谓语动词使用单数。
A pair of gloves is a nice present for her.
11: 不可数名词作主语，但前面有表示数量的复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。
Three million tons of oil are exploited every year in the
oil field.
12: 在or , either ---or --- , neither
--- nor --- ,not only --- but also --- , not --- but --- , there be 等结构中，采取就近原则，即谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近的主语的单复数。
Either the teacher or the students are to blame.
Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.
考点13 : 下列结构用于引起一个附加的成分，谓语动词的形式应不受附加成分的影响而于前面的主语取得一致: as well as ; rather than ; like ; except ; besides ; with ; along with ; including ; such --- as--- ;;
No one but Jack and Mary knows about it .
I as well as they am ready to help you .
考点14：some of ; plenty of ; a lot of ; most of ; the rest of ; all(of ) ; half (of );分数或百分之+of +名词做主语时，以名词的单复数为准。
A lot of students are waiting outside .And lots of the time has been wasted .
More than 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by water .
Ten percent of the apples are bad .
The rest of the story needs no telling .
He stayed at home and the rest of the boys were out at play .
15：由a kind of ; this kind of ; many kinds of 和名词+ of this kind 等以及与kind 意思相近的type , sort 等构成的类似的短语做主语时，谓语动词与of 前的名词取得一致。
This kind of apple sells well in China .
Apples of this kind are highly priced .
16：more than 开头的句子，看其后面的名词。
More than one answer is written on the blackboard .
More than two hundred soldiers were killed in the battle .
17: 定语从句中谓语动词的形式与先行词一致，但one of +复数名词+who/ that / which 引导的定语从句的谓语动词的形式看one 的前面是否有the (only )等修饰语，有为单数，无为复数。
This is one of the best books that have appeared this year.
She is the only one of those women who doesn’t know a thing about knitting(编织) .
18: population ; company ; class . team ; family ; group ; nation ; world ; government 等词做主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词使用单数；如果强调组成成员，谓语动词使用复数。
Our family has a reunion every year .
His family are waiting for him .
19 ：the +形容词，表示一类人，谓语动词用复数;若指单数，则用单数谓语动词。
The rich are for the plan , but the poor are against it .
The true is to be distinguished from the false .
真实应与假相区别。(the true / the false表单数概念)
20：a number of + 复数名词 结构应用复数动词。the number of + 复数名词 结构应用单数动词。如：
A number of people were killed and injured in the explosion .
The number of people who were killed in the tsunami(海啸) has grown to 160,000.
【各个击破】
1.——Have you heard that Tian Liang , along with his parents , _______ to Canada ?
——Really ? No wond
er I haven’t seen him these days .
A. has been B. has gone C. have been D. have gone
2.Over
three-quarter of the city _______ destroyed in the Iraq War .
A. is B. are C. were D. was
3.This kind of stories ________ instructive while stories of that kind ________ harmful to children .
A. is ; seems B. are ; seem C. is ; seem D. are ; seems
4.Everybody in our hometown , men and women , young and old , ________ sports and games .
A. are fond of B. joins C. enjoys D. go in for
5.The Whites’ family , which _______ rather a large one , ________ very fond of their house .
A. were ; were B. was ; were C. were; was D. was ; was
6.Not his son but his two daughters ________ to Canada , never to be seen again .
A. has gone B. have gone C. has been D. have been
7.When the injured _______ to the hospital ,, they came to ________.
A. was rushed ; life B. were rushed ; life C. rushed ; lives D. were rushed ; lives
8.Despite much research , there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that _______ not fully understood .
A. are B. were C. is D. was
9. _________ visitors to Hong Kong were asked by newspaper reporters what their impressions of the people were.
A. The number of B. A numbers of C. Numbers of D. Any numbers of
10. Though small , the ant is as much as a creature as _________ all other animals on earth .
A. are B. is C. do D. have
11. Between the two rows of trees _______ the teaching building .
A. have B. has C. stands D. are
12.Every possible means _________ tried but without much result .
A. have been B. had C. has D. has been
13.The rest of the story ________ no telling . Half of the students _______ no interest in it .
A. need ; has B. needs ; have C. needs ; has D. need ; have
14. John and Mary, ___ sure to come to our party this evening.
A. be B. are C. is D. to be
15. This is the only one of the books on the subject ________ ever been written in English .
A. that has B. which have C. that have D. which is
16.Every boy and every girl as well as some teachers who ____ to visit the museum____ asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning.
A. are, are B. is , is C. are, is D. is , are
17. A great many people_______ present at the meeting . But many a man ________ late for the meeting because of the traffic jam .
A. are ; are B. is; is C. were ; was D. was ; are
18. He is the only one of the children who often ________ ill of others behind their backs .
A. have spoken B. were speaking C. speaks D. speak
19. It’s I who ________ the Christmas gift to you .
A. has sent B. have sent C. is going to fetch D. are going to fetch
20. What were your problems a year ago _______ mine now .
A. has become B. have become C. becomes D. became
主谓
一致：BDCCB BBACA CDBAA CCCBB