1. 提问方式
推断文章出处的设题形式有：
The passage is most likely to be taken from______.
Where would this passage most probably appear?
The passage is most likely a part of______.
2. 解题技巧
这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：
(1)报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。
(2)广告：因其格式特殊，容易辨认。
(3)产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。
3. 实例分析（全国卷）
Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them.
To reduce pain, take two tablets(药片) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief (缓解疼痛) take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours.
For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount (量). For children under six years old, ask your doctor‟s advice.
Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.
●This text is most probably taken from a ______.
A. textbook
icine
【解题思路分析】此题极易误选D。的确，人们常在药瓶上的说明中看到文章直接引语部分的文字内容，但是像第一段这样的内容不可能出现在药瓶上。由此可见，这一段文章应选自教科书中有关如何读服药说明的课文，故选A。(from www.nmet168.com)
1. 提问方式
(1) 考查整篇文章的写作目的
The writer writes this passage in order to _____.
The writer‟s purpose of writing this passage is to _____.
What is the purpose of writing this article?
In writing the passage, the author intends to _____.
(2) 考查某处细节的写作意图
The writer uses the example of…to show that _____.
The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _____. B. newsreel C. doctor‟s notebook D. bottle of med
…are mentioned in the first paragraph to _____.
2. 常见的写作目的归纳
不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 但写作目的通常有以下三种：
(1) to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑）
(2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）
(3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）
3. 技巧点拨
(1) 根据文体类别推断写作目的
这就要求我们了解在历年高考阅读题中，不同文体与三种目的的大致对应关系，这有助于做好此类试题。
第一种写作目的（to entertain readers）常见于故事类的文章。如全国卷曾有一篇阅读文章，作者虚构了两个宇航员在太空工作的情形，一个宇航员Joe做完了修理工作后要回到飞船上，用力敲了多次飞船的门，但门都没开，最后才传来这样一句话“Who‟s there ?” “It‟s me ! Who else could it be ?”Joe生气地大喊。在这一问一答中作者的写作目的就跃然纸上：因为太空处于真空状态，不能传播声音，因此本文纯属虚构，写作目的是想令人发笑（to make people laugh）。而全国卷的另一篇阅读文章，则更多地选择那些可以显示两个主人公的笨拙的细节，目的是为了表现事情的有趣（to tell an interesting experience），从而达到娱乐读者的目的。
第二种写作目的（to persuade readers）常见于广告类的文章。在这样的文章中，作者或是要推销一种产品﹑一种服务（to sell a product or a service），或是要通过对旅游景点﹑报刊杂志﹑影片﹑电视节目等的介绍来达到他的写作目的：吸引更多的游客﹑读者或订户﹑观众等（to attract more visitors / readers / audience）。如广东卷曾有篇阅读理解文章介绍了四种杂志的内容和价格，其目的是to get more readers to subscribe。另一篇全国卷的阅读理解文章则介绍了一种被称为“篮子里的聚会”的家庭服务计划，文章内容包括服务的创意﹑服务的内容以及服务的价格和联系方式，由此我们可以推断出作者的写作目的是：to sell a service。
第三种写作目的（to inform readers）多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章，了解这类文章的写作目的有赖于对文章主题的正确把握，阅读时有必要找准文章的主题句，或较好地对主题加以归纳．如全国卷有篇阅读文章，一开始我们就读到了这样的一个问题：“Excused from recycling because you live in a high rise with a rubbish chute?” 这是介绍新产品或新思路的一种常见手法，可由此初步推断写作意图，作者在接下来的两个段落对这种废物回收装置作了具体的描述，并在最后一段告诉了我们这种装置的最大优点，把握了这些关键信息，我们也就明白了作者的意图：to introduce a recycling system for high rises．上海卷的一篇阅读文章，一开始给出了文章的主题句In toy stores, what is old is new again之后从generational effect , economic factors 和marketing techniques三个方面分析
了20世纪80年代的玩具又再重新热销的原因，这就是作者写本文的目的：to analyze the reappearance of toys popular in the 1980‟s。
(2) 从写用手法来推断写作目的
请看一个实例（广东卷）
“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you ?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh .“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves ,”he said.
●The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______.
A. test the readers‟ knowledge about waves
B. draw the readers‟ attention to the topic
C. show Jamie Taylor‟s importance
D. invite the readers to answer them
【分析】作者在文章开头提出问题让读者思考，或是简单介绍与主题有关的其他事物，目的往往是为了引出主题（to draw the readers‟ attention to the topic / to serve as an introduction to the discussion），故选B。(from www.nmet168.com)
1. 提问方式
The writer‟s attitude toward… is______.
The writer thought that______.
according to the author ______.
2. 干扰选项
此类试题的干扰项通常具有以下特点：或是自己的某种看法或观点，或是社会的一种普遍种倾向，或是与本文无关或与作者相反的观点或看法等。
3. 答题误区
容易误选与自己的看法相吻合的选项。
4. 技巧点拨
注意作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，才能推断出作者的弦外之音。
5. 实例分析（江西卷）
Just as crying can be healthy, not crying—holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering—can be bad for physical(身体的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If yo
u have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don‟t fight it. It‟s a natural—and healthy—emotional response(反应).●according to the author, which of the following statements is true?
A. Crying is the best way to get help from others.
B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.
C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.
D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.
【解题思路分析】答案选B。作者在文章中说Studies show that too much control can lead to high blood press, heart problems and other illnesses，即过多地忍住情感（如忍住不哭等）有可能会导致健康问题。这里虽然用了Studies show… (研究表明……)这样的字眼，但作者在此显然是为增加说服力而特意采用的一种表现手法，也就是说，研究所表明的结果就是作者的观点，故最佳答案为B。
特别说明：阅读理解中的推断题通常涉及的是作者的看法、意图与态度，即作者本人在文章字里行间所表达的观点或看法，此时千万不要误认为是在问“你”(考生)的想法。请看一个例子（全国卷）：
Maybe ten-year-old Elizabeth put it best when she said to her father. “But, Dad, you can‟t be healthy if you‟re dead.”
Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten to wear his safety belt—a mistake 75% of the US population make every day. The big question is why.
●Why did Elizabeth say to her father, “But, Dad, you can‟t be healthy if you‟re dead?
A. He was driving at great speed.
B. He was running across the street.
C. He didn‟t have his safety belt on.
D. He didn‟t take his medicine on time.
【解题思路分析】10岁的女儿对父亲说：“爸爸，你若死了，也就不可能健康了。”女儿为什么这样说呢？下文告诉我们：父亲匆匆忙忙在天黑之前开车赶回家，以便跑步锻炼身体，但却在开车回家时忘记系安全带。显然女儿是在责备父亲未系安全带开车，即答案选 C。(from www.nmet168.com)
做高考英语阅读理解的实用技巧
一、根据文体特征，快速抓住要点
在上一节的知识必备中，我们讲到了英语中各种不同文体的特征。考生在英语考试中，就可以运用这方面的知识，根据文章的不同体裁的写作方法，迅速提取文章的信息。
二、紧抓主题句，快速理解全文
无论是读书，还是看报纸，我们首先见到的就是一篇文章的标题。标题往往是文章中心的高度浓缩；标题是一篇文章的纲，统帅全文。它是我们藉以了解文章的内容、作者的写作目的和意图的窗口。一般说来，我们只要读懂了标题，就基本上把握了文章阅读理解方向。
然而，在高考中，英语阅读理解文章往往没有标题。这时，考生可以从研究文章的主题句入手，根据主题句快速识别文体，从而抓住文章的中心，推测出全文的内容。
英语文章一般是按“总—分—总”这样一种思路来写的，也就是说，文章的第 1 句或第 2 句 多半为“总写”，为文章的主题句(topic sentence)，后面的文字就围绕它展开论述；而最后一句(尾句)或倒数第 2 句，就是在论述的基础上进行总结，得出结论或发出感慨。同样，往往每一段的第 1 句 又为这一段的主题句；末尾的句子又为这一段的结论。因此，在一定程度上考生可以从首尾句入手，推测全文的内容，从而迅速理解全文。
当然，有些文章的主题句并不在句子的首、尾，而在文章的中间；有的文章甚至没有主题句，这就要求考生灵活处理。
三、快速浏览全文，抓住事实和细节
事实是作者的思想和观点的有力证据，是作者所写文章的重要依据。而细节是使文章连成整体的主要手段，是使文章充满活力的重要方式。换句话说，事实和细节是文章的血和肉。不论事件多么惊人，也不论观点如何新奇，若没有事实和细节，这篇文章就显得空洞无力。高考中，很多问题就是考查考生对事实和细节的把握，因此，考生在了解了文体特点和通过文章首尾句掌握了文章的中心和主要内容的基础上，必须快速浏览全文，抓住文中的事实和细节。并且在浏览的过程中，考生应根据短文后面的问题和选项，将与之有关的事实和细节用笔一一画出，且标明其题的序号，以便研究答题。
四、抓住相关词语，快速弄清作者的思想
相关词语分为两大类：其一是关键词，即名词、动词、数词和形容词等实词，根据这些词语就能够看出句子或文章的主要内容；其二是信息词，即情态动词(may, must, can, have to等)，副词(yet, however, therefore, otherwise，carefully, seriously 等)、连词(but, while, though, if 等)等虚词和短语(as if / though, on the contrary, by contrast, even if / though, in spite of 等)，根据这些词语就能够推断出文章中人物的精神状态或作者的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度及文章的逻辑关系。
五、研究重点，突破难点
在阅读过程中，碰到一些难以理解的问题，是非常正常的事情。这时，考生不必惊慌，而应冷静头脑，对问题进行认真分析、研究，从而进行难点突破。因为高考中的阅读毕竟是一种信息性的阅读，只要能提取正确的信息就足够了，因此对于那些不影响阅读的问题，就不必理会。只有当它们影响了对句子或文章的理解、特别是当它们影响问题的解决时，我们才在通读全文的基础上，对这些难点进行研究，加以分析、解决。
阅读中的难点主要可以分为 3 类：生词、长而复杂句子、英美文化障碍。
(1) 猜测生词词义：阅读中碰到生词时，首先应根据句子的意思判断出此单词的词性及其感情色彩和其在句子中所充当的成分；然后根据我们平常所学的构词法知识，联系上下文
和平时积累的常识，来推测这个单词的意义。并且猜测单词时，没有必要猜测出其准确的意义，只要能猜出其大概意义即可。
① 根据构词法猜测词义：我们所学过的构词法主要有 3 种：派生法、转化法和合成法。 Most is red and brown in color. (seaweed由sea与weed合成，意为“海草”) the background was the same. (invariably由in + vary + able + ly 构成，意为“不可改变地”)
You‟ll be punished if yourubbish everywhere. (desert 由名词 desert 转化而成，意为“丢弃”)
② 根据上下文的语境猜测词义：我们可利用定义、解释、重述、用途、同义词、反义词、同义结构、反义结构及逻辑关系来猜测单词。
Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would all our crops and kill our flocks and herds. (由 devour 与后面动词 kill的并列结构得知 devour 意为“毁坏”)
Wood and skins have easily rotted away, but stone doesn‟t (根据 but 的反义结构可知 decay 意为“腐烂”)
③ 根据常识猜测词义：我们可根据所学的知识及生活经验来猜测单词。
His name was Napoleon Bonaparte, and he finally became France. (由常识“拿破仑是法国的皇帝”可知 Emperor 意为“皇帝”)
Modern to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport. (由句子的意义可看出 alpinist 意为“把登山作为体育运动的人”)
(2) 分析理解长而难的句子：英语文章中，有时为了使表达准确、语言严谨，往往采用插入语、分隔结构、倒装结构、同位结构、省略结构、分词结构及 it 的句型再加上并列复合句、主从复合句，使句子很长而结构纷繁复杂，给阅读理解带来了很大的困难。然而，考生们不要慌张，对于这类句子应从句子的层次入手，先抓主句的主干，即：主、谓、宾、补、状，再理清其枝叶，即从句及其他修饰成分。如：
It is animals and plants that lived in or near water whose remains are most likely to be preserved, for one of the necessary conditions of preservation is quick burial, and it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes, where mud and silt(淤泥) have been continuously deposited(沉积), that bodies and the like can be rapidly covered over and preserved.
这个句子是由 and 连接两个强调句型的并列句。第 1 个并列句子的主句为：It is animals and plants that lived in or near water，它的后面带了一个原因状语从句：for one of the necessary conditions of preservation is quick burial，而句子中whose所引导的句子是一个定语从句，隔位修饰前面的animals and plants 而不是 water；第 2 个并列句子的主句为：it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes that bodies and the like can be rapidly covered over and preserved，而 where 所引导的句子为定语从句，对前面的the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes 进行修饰。
通过上面的分析，这个长而复杂的句子也就不难理解：那些它们的尸体很可能被保存起来的动物和植物正是生活在水边或水里，因为，被保存的一个必要条件就是被迅速掩埋；也只有在海里或河里，有时在湖里，这些地方由于泥沙不停地沉积，尸体及此类东西才很快被掩埋，从而得到保存。
(3) 消除英美文化障碍：虽然，对英美文化的了解是一个长时间的积累过程，但是，对于具体的文化障碍，我们可以从上下文的语境中去理解，或通过中西方文化的比较或用生活的常识加以分析理解。如：
These days, it is differences in national regulations, far more than tariffs that put sand in the wheels of trade between rich countries. (大家知道，自行车轮胎若粘满了泥沙，车就不能前进，那么，put sand in the wheels of trade 就意味着“阻碍贸易的进行”)
六、综合分析，确保无误
考生在做完阅读理解题后，在时间允许的情况下，一定要再次通读全文，对文章的中心、主旨及事实细节、写作方法等进行综合分析。同时，根据文章的内容、作者的观点、态度、写作目的及文章中的举例、细节对问题和答案进行细心的核对，检查选项是否过于笼统、以偏概全或部分真实，从而消除理解上的失误，确保答案的正确。
高考英语阅读理解推理判断题的解题技巧
推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属深层理解题。此类试题的设计常常包括infer, imply, suggest, conclude等词。这类题的设问方式主要有：
(1)We can infer from the passage that ______.
(2)What can be inferred from the passage?
(3)Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
(4)It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ______.
(5)The author suggest in this passage that ______.
(6)The writer implies that ______.
(7)It can be inferred that ______.
(8)It can be concluded from the passage that ______.
(9)On the whole, we can conclude that ______.
(10)From the text we can conclude that ______.
(11)After reading the passage we may conclude that ______.
(12)What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
(13)The author is inclined to think that ______.
(14)When the writer talks about..., what he really means is that______.
(15)What‟s the writer‟s attitude towards…?
(16)What‟s the author‟s feeling towards…?
(17)In the writer‟s opinion…
理解文段的隐含信息包括：推测作者或人物的观点、态度、意图、身份、情感，对作者或文段所涉及的人物、事件作出评价等，属于深层理解，是语言学习者必须具备的交际能力之一。高考阅读理解的大部分题目都属于这一类型。要准确地理解文段的隐含信息，除了要熟练地掌握基本的语言知识，准确理解句子的字面意思外，还要求我们运用自己已有的知识、经验，结合文段的相关的信息进行推理、判断。下面结合实例来谈谈解答这类题目的方法。
We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didn‟t even lift her eyes from the book. Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down. While I watched mouth open in surprise, Mum took off her hat and coat and gave them to me to hold. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop. She pushed the mop past the desk and as the nurse looked up, Mum nodded and said, “Very dirty floors.”
“Yes, I‟m glad they‟ve finally decided to clean them,” the nurse answered. She looked at Mum strangely and said, “But aren‟t you working late?”
Mum just pushed harder, each swipe(拖一下)of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall. I watched until she was out of sight and the nurse had turned back to writing in the big book.
After a long time Mum came back. Her eyes were shining. She quickly put the mop back and took my hand. As we turned to go out of the door, Mum bowed politely to the nurse and said, “Thank you.”
Outside, Mum told me, “Dagmar is fine. No fever.”
“You saw her, Mum?”
“Of course. I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow. Dad will stop worrying as well. It‟s a fine hospital. But such floors! A mop is no good. You need a brush.”
1. When she took a mop from the small room what Mum really wanted to do was ______.
A. to clean the floor
B. to please the nurse
C. to see a patient
D. to surprise the story-teller
2. After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital?
A. It is a children‟s hospital.
B. It has strict rules about visiting hours.
C. The conditions there aren‟t very good.
D. The nurses and doctors there don‟t work hard.
3. Which of the following words best describes Mum?
A. strange B. warm-hearted
C. clever D. hard-working
. 运用文段所叙述或描绘的事件背景提供的信息进行推理判断
第1道题要求读者判断“妈妈”从一间小房间拿拖把的真正意图是什么。应该说除了D选项与文段的信息完全无关外，其它三个选项相互间都有一定的干扰性，但只要我们注意到文段所叙述的事件的背景是在一家医院，再结合文段末尾作者与母亲之间的对话，就不难判断该题的正确答案是C选项。因为就常识而言，人们去医院的目的不外乎两个：1. 就诊；2. 探视病人。A选项展现的只是一种表面现象，不是“妈妈”拿拖把的“真正”目的；而“妈妈”去小房间拿拖把时是“轻轻地”走过去的，显然，也不是为了“取悦”护士，所以A、B两个选项都不符合文意。
2. 运用已有的经验、经历或常识进行推理判断
上文的第2道题要求读者判断所给的四个选项中那一个符合医院的实际情况。由于文段中没有相关的信息支持A选项，因此，可以排除；C、D两个选项与文段最后一段中“妈妈”说的“It‟s a fine hospital”有矛盾，因此，也可以排除。文段的第一句提到“We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didn‟t even lift her eyes from the book”。根据常识我们知道，人们“轻轻地走”的原因无非存在两种可能性：1. 保持安静；2.避免被发现。联系到“妈妈”是冒充清洁工进入病房的，探视“Dagmar”时又提起“hospital rules”，因此可以断定“我们如此轻轻地走进去”的目的不是为了“保持安静”，而是“避免”被护士发现，从而可以进一步推断出“避免”被护士发现的原因是因为医院对探视病人的时间有严格规定，所以B选项是正确的。
3. 紧扣主题或话题，避免掉入细节事实的陷阱
有些题目要求读者根据文段的相关信息对文中人物的性格、心理状况、心智或品质作出判断，这时一定要扣紧文段的主题或话题，不要受一些细节事实的干扰。例如，上文的第3题实际上是要读者判断“妈妈”是一个什么样的人。A、B两个选项与文段提供的信息没有任何联系，可以排除。从文段中描绘的“妈妈”拿起拖把为医院拖地这一细节事实来看，似乎可以用 warm-hearted 这个词来形容她的品质。但是，只要记住文段主要叙述的是“„妈妈‟是如何在规定探望病人的时间之外进入病房探望Dagmar这一话题，就不难判断“妈妈”拿拖把拖地的最终目的是什么，从而进一步得出结论：只有用 clever 这个词描绘“妈妈”才最合适。
4. 注意文段中信息的科学性，运用已有的科学常识和学科知识进行推理判断
Sam and Joe were astronauts. There was once a very dangerous trip and the more experienced astronauts knew there was only a small chance of coming back alive. Sam and Joe, however, thought it would be exciting though a little dangerous. “We‟re the best men for the job,” they said to the boss. “There may be problems, but we can find the answers.” “They‟re the last people I‟d trust,” thought the boss. “But all the other astronauts have refused to go.”
Once they were in space, Joe had to go outside to make some repairs. When the repairs were done, he tried to get back inside the spaceship. But the door was locked. He knocked but there was no answer. He knocked again, louder this time, and again no answer came. Then he hit the door as hard as he could and finally a voice said, “Who‟s ther
e?” “It‟s me! Who else could it be?” shouted Joe. Sam let him in all right but you can imagine that Joe never asked to go on a trip with Sam again!
1. The writer tells this story to ______.
A. show the dangerous side of the astronauts‟ life
B. show the funny side of the astronauts‟ life
C. make people laugh
D. make people think
如果不从科学常识和学科知识的角度考虑，这四个选项都有一定的干扰性。但是有点文化和常识的人都知道，到目前为止有能力把人送入太空进行太空飞行，并且宇航员能离开飞行器进行太空行走的国家只有俄、美两个国家，而他们对宇航员的选拔都是严格的国家行为，不可能出现像文中第1自然段所叙述的那种由某个老板来挑选宇航员的情况；此外，有点物理常识的人都知道，在太空是没有空气的，飞行器的门也是真空的，而声音无法在真空中传播，因此，在太空工作的宇航员是不可能用敲门的方式把他(们)要进入太空飞行器的信息传达给舱内的人，所以，在第2自然段中描述的那种情况是不科学的。显然，作者写这篇文章的目的不过是为了搞笑而已，因此，C选项是正确的。
以上我们从四个方面分别讨论了理解文章隐含信息的基本方法。但有时候题目的设计不一定这么层次分明，可能需要读者同时从不同的角度对文段的信息进行综合分析、判断。例如该题，我们就可以从常识和学科知识两方面综合考虑文段信息的严肃性，从而进一步判断作者的写作目的。因此，应该在熟练掌握的基础上灵活地运用这些方法。
一、主旨大意题
主旨大意题主要考查学生对所读材料(或所读材料片断)中心思想的概括。做这类题时，考生应通读全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同时注意文章的主题句，因为主题句表达中心思想，其他句子均围绕主题句进行展开。主题句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句等地方，但位于段落中间(通常是第一段或最后一段的中间)也是完全可能的。主旨大意题的考查形式很多，如概括标题、主题、段意、中心思想等。请看2005年浙江卷中的一个段落：
In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget. But none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant. The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible.
◎What is the subject discussed in the text?
A. The writer‟s unhappy school life
B. The writer‟s eagerness to earn money
C. The writer‟s experience as a full-time worker
D. The writer‟s hard work in an apple plant
原文共有五个自然段，上面摘录的只是文章的第1个自然段，但是如果考生训练有素的话，只要读完这个段落就可猜出此题的答案了。因为文章第一句说In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget，接着作者用but引出一个新的情况(即主题句)：none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant.
再接下来又说：The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible. 聪明的读者至此应该可以猜测到，下面的几个段落肯定是介绍这个apple plant 的work是如何的hard，它的pay是如何的poor，它的working conditions 是如何的terrible 等。比较四个选项，只有选项D所表述内容合乎上面的分析，故选D。
二、事实细节题
顾名思义，事实细节题即指针对文章的某个事实或细节而设置的试题。事实细节题的命题方法很多，如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查、也可能是将文章中的几个细节(通常是四个)放在一起要求考生判断是非(选出正确的一项或选出错误的一项)或对几个细节进行排序等。解答这类试题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案(此时要特别注意一些常见的同义转换或简单换算)。请看200年安徽卷中的一道事实细节题：
Tuition Fees(学费)
Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui@waikato.ac.nz
Accommodation(住宿)
You can have a room in a 4-bedrcom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: ave@walkato.ac.nz
◎You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.
A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000
根据Tuition fees一节的内容可知，一年的学费最低为5,000美元，再根据Accommodation(住宿)一节可知，除学费外，还有住宿费(每月100美元)和生活费(每月150美元)，即一年大约共3,000美元，所以在WaiKato大学读书一年至少要花费5,000+3,000=8,000美元，故答案为B。
三、代词指代题
这类题要求考生根据一定的上下文推测代词的指代意义，它主要考查考生在一定语境中对上下文逻辑关系的正确理解。做这类题时，考生不仅要读懂相关句子的句意，理顺相关句子的逻辑关系，而且还要学会合理变通，尤其要学会变通理解其中的同义表达。请看2005年天津卷中的一个片断和一个道词义猜测题：
Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society. The act of discovery, even in the relatively predictable(可以预见的) sense that it occurs in everyday learning, involves(涉及) a “sudden insight” which changes the problem situation into a solution situation. As we have seen, everyday discovery
also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past, which is involved in the solution.
◎What does the underlined word “this” refer to?
A. Great contributions to the society.
B. Long-time study of the subject matter.
C. Various statements about problem solving.
D. Complete devotion to artistic creation.
此题答案选B。答案的直接依据是文章中的Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done 这两句话。从句意和句子结构上看，this在此指代的应是they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time，比较四个选项，只有B与之吻合，因为选项中的long-time与原文中的over fairly long periods of time属同义表达，选项中的study of the subject matter 与原文中的devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem属同义表达。(from www.nmet168.com)
四、词义猜测题
即要求考生根据一定的上下文猜测生词的词义。它是高考英语阅读理解中的一个难点，同学们应引起充分重视。猜测生词词义的方法很多，常用的有同义解释法、因果推断法、前后对比法、基本构词法、语境理解法、举例说明法、常识背景法、类属分析法等。请看2005年安徽卷中一道词义猜测题：
More American people take their troubles with them on holiday, according to a new Although 40 percent said that the main reason for going away is to escape pressure(压力) from work, almost all said they worry more than they do at home. Only four in every 100 said that they are happy and free of care.
◎The underlined word “survey” in the first paragraph most probably means ______.
A. research B. review C. exhibition D. examination
此题答案选A。比较四个选项，同时结合常识，文中所提到的事实和数据应该是“调查和研究”得出的（其他几个选项可排除）。