必修三unit5知识要点
重点单词
1. surround vt.&vi. 包围；围绕 surrounding adj. 周围的 surroundings n. (常用pl.) 环境
[典例] 1). Trees surround the pond.
2). The house was surrounded by high walls.
[重点用法]surround...with... 用„„包围„„ be surrounded by/with... 周围都是„„
[练习] 用surround 的短语或其适当形式填空。
1). _______ by a group of children, he felt happy.
2). There is no such kind of modern hospital in the ________ areas.
3). She has always been _______ _______fashionable friends.
4). She hopes to bring up her children in healthy _______.
5). With the house_______, the thief couldn’t flee and was caught.
2. measure vi.&vt. 测量；衡量；判定 n.[c,u] 尺寸；量具；计量单位；措施 教育不应该单纯用考试成绩来衡量。
Eg.You should take effective measures to improve your working conditions.
(1)measure ... by ...用„„来衡量„„ be measured by/in 用„„来衡量/计算
(2)take measures/steps/action to do sth. 采取措施做某事
make sth. to sb.'s measure 照某人的尺寸做某物
[练习] 用measure 的短语填空或翻译句子。
1). The tailor made a suit ______ _______ _______.
2). Success isn’ t _______ _______ how much money you have
3. mix vt.&vi. 混合；调配 mixture n.[u,c] 混合（物）；混合状态
[典例] 1). The chemist mixed (up) some medicine for me.
2). Oil and water don’ t mix.
3). Oil won’ t mix with water.
[词语归纳] mix A and/with B 把甲与乙拌和起来
mix sth. up 把某物拌和；混淆某物 mix sth. in/into把某物掺进去
[练习] 用mix 的短语的适当形式或介词填空。
1). Don’ t try to _______ business ______ pleasure.
2). Mix the eggs ______ the flour.
4. terrify vt.使恐怖；恐吓 terrified adj.恐惧的；受惊吓的 terrifying adj.（令人）可怕的
[典例]1). He terrified his children with ghost stories. 他讲鬼故事吓坏了他的孩子。
2). Her husband’ s violence terrified her. 她丈夫的暴力使她感到恐惧。
[重点用法]be terrified at/by sth. 被某事（物）恐吓
be terrified of sth. = be afraid of 害怕某事（物）
[练习] 用terrify 的适当形式或介词填空。
1). She ______ that Ronnie would kidnap Sam.
2). She was terrified ______ the thought that Ronnie would kidnap Sam.
3). It was a ______ experience.
5. impress vt.使印象深刻, 使铭记 impression n.[c]印象；感想 impressive adj.给人印象深刻的
[典例]1). The sights of the city never fail to impress foreign tourists.
2). We were most impressed with/by your efficiency. 你的工作效率很高，我们极为钦佩。
[重点用法]impress sth. on/upon sb. = impress sb. with/by sth. 使某人铭记某事物
make/give/crate an impression on/upon... 给„„一个印象
have/get the impression that 有„„的印象
[练习] 用impress 的短语或介词填空。
1). Father _______ _______ me the value of hard work.
2). One candidate in particular ______ us ______ her knowledge.
3). You ______ an excellent ______ ______ us.
4). When I first met him I ______ ______ ______ ______ he was a humorous man.
重点词组
1. rather than... 是„„而不是„„；与其„„不如„„；不愿
[典例]1). He ran rather than walked. 他是跑的而不是走的。
2).Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price
[重点用法] would rather do A than do B = would do A rather than do B 宁可做A 而不做B
prefer to do A rather than do B 喜欢做A 而不做B
注意：rather than它连接的并列成分，可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语) 、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。后接不定式时，不定式可以带to ，也可以不带to 。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。
[练习] 根据句子意思及要求填空或翻译。
1). He came running all the way ______ ______walking.
2). Rather than ______ (ride) on a crowded bus, he always prefers ______ (ride) a bicycle.
3). She likes to keep things in the house ______ ______ throw them away, though many are useless.
4). 他宁愿死也不愿在街上乞讨。_____________________________________________
2. settle down 舒适地坐下或躺下；（使）安静、安顿、安心；习惯於新的生活方式/工作等
[典例]1). She settled down in an armchair to read her book.
2). When are you going to marry and settle down?
[短语归纳] 与settle 相关的短语：
settle down to… 使某人安下心来做„„ settle (down) in ... 在„„定居下来
settle a dispute/an argument/an issue 解决一争端/争论/问题
[练习] 根据句子意思及要求填空或翻译。
1). Something is disturbing him, so he can’ t ______ ______ ______ (安下心来) his work.
2). He finally settled down to ______ (do) his homework.
3). They have finally ______ _______ ______ Canada.
3. catch sight of 看见；瞥见
[典例] He was happy to catch sight of an eagle flying in the sky.
[短语归纳] sight短语：
lose sight of 看不见；不再看见
at (the) sight of 一看到（就）
keep sight of 使能看得到；保持看得到的距离 in/within sight 可以看见；在视线内 have good/poor sight/eyesight 视力好/差 out of sight 看不见；在视线外
[练习] 用sight 的短语填空。
1). ______ ______ ______ his mother, the boy stopped crying.
2). She watched the train until it went ______ ______ ______.
3). I ______ ______ ______ my former teacher just now, but very soon he turned a corner and I ______ _______ ______ him.
4). Be sure to ______ ______ ______ your luggage while you’ re at the airport.
4. have a gift for... 对„„有天赋
[典例] 1). He has a gift for music.。
2). You have the gift/talent to learn foreign languages.。
[重点用法]
have a gift for (doing) sth.= have the gift to do sth. 对„„有天赋；有做某事的才能
a man of excellent gifts一个非常有才华的人
[练习] 翻译句子。
1). 他天生有着讲故事的才能。
__________________________________________________________________________________
2). 我羡慕他有着作为老师的天赋。
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. in the distance 在远处；在远方
[典例] 1). We can see the mountain in the distance.
2). Night fell. The hills in the distance turned dark blue.
[短语归纳] distance短语：
at a distance隔一段距离；距离稍远一些
keep a distance别靠近 from a distance从远方 keep sb. at a distance对某人保持疏远 a gifted/telented person 一个有天赋的、有才华的人
[练习] 用distance 的短语或介词填空。
1). We can see a windmill ______ the distance.
2). The picture looks better ______ a distance.
3). He was asked many times to join the party, but he always ______ ______ ______.
6. as far as 远到，直到；至于
[典例] 1). I’ ll walk with you as far as the post office.。
2). I’ ve read as far as the third chapter.
[短语归纳] far短语：
as/so far as sb. knows 就某人所知 as far as sb. can see/tell/ remember 就某人看来/所说/所记得
far from sth 毫不；一点也不； 远非 as/so far as sb/sth is concerned 就某人/事物而言
So far, so good. (谚) 到目前为止，一切都很顺利。
[练习] 用far 的短语填空。
1). _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ (对我个人来说), you can do what you like.
2). The problem is _______ _______ _______ (绝非易事).
3). We’ ll go by train ______ ______ ______ (直到) London, and then take a bus.
7.manage to do something设法做某事
Eg.However, she managed to graduate from a local high school.(摘自2011湖北高考·完形填空)
Eg.Though we left home very late, we managed to catch the last bus.
manage to do sth.与try to do sth.的区别
【练习】①I'll get downtown this afternoon, but I don't know if I can make it.
②The ship sank, but we get on a lifeboat.
重点句子
1. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres. 那里空气湿润，因而树木长得相当高，有的超过90米。
[解释]1. so...that 如此„„以致于，后跟结果状语从目，常用too to或enough to来变为简单句，如： She was so angry that she couldn’ t say a word. = She was too angry to say a word.
辨析：so...that 与such...that ：
so...that 与such...that 意思一致，that 均引导结果状从句，但是so 为副词，such 为形容词，所以二者所接词不一样的。
① so +adj. / adv. + that从句或so +adj. + a(n) + 单名+ that从句
She is so good a teacher that we all love her. 她是一位如此好老师以致于我们都爱她。
② such + adj. + 复名 + that从句或such + a(n) + 单名+ that从句
She is such a good teacher that we all love her. 她是一位如此好老师以致于我们都爱她。
They are such naughty boys that they often make mistakes. 他们是如此淘气以致于经常犯错误。
提示：在so 十much ／many ／little ／few + n. +that从句结构中，little 当“少”讲，接在so 之后，但当little 当“小”讲时，应接在such 之后（小用such, 少用so, 多多少少都用so ）。如：
They are such little children that they can’ t look after themselves.他们是那么小的孩子还不能自理。
Our team played so well that we won the game. = Our team played well enough to win the game.
[解释]2. some measuring over 90 metres 是独立主格结构：
独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分构成，在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，相当于状语从句，可表示时间、原因、条件、行为、方式或伴随情况。其构成：名词(代词) + 现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语，如：
(1) 作时间状语 The meeting over, they left the hall.
(2) 作原因状语 My watch having been lost, I didn’t know what time it was.
(3) 作条件状语 Time permitting, I shall go to the cinema with you.
(4) 描述伴随行为或补充说明 Mary entered the room, his hands in his pockets.
[练习] 根据句子意思完成句子或翻译。
1). She is _______ lovely a girl _______ all of us like hervery much.
2). They are _______ little worms _______we can’ t see them with our eyes.
3). The test ________ (finish), we began our holiday.
4). Weather ________ (permit), we are going to visit you tomorrow.
5). He came into the room, his ears _______ _______ _______ (冻得发紫).
6). He came out of the library, a book _______ _______ _______ (夹在胳膊下).
2. There is more fresh water in Canada than in any other country in the world. 加拿大的淡水量比世界
上其他任何一个国家都多。
[解释] (1) 用比较级表示最高级，同一范围内比较时，常用“主语+动词+比较级+than any other+单名”
或“主语+动词+比较级+than any of the other+复名”。
(2) 不同范围内比较，常用“主语+动词+比较+than any+单名”。
[练习] 句子翻译。
1). 他是班里最高的。
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 中国比非洲任何一个国家都大。
_________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：1). He is taller than anyone else in his class. = He is taller than any of the other students in his class. = He is taller than any other student in his class.
2). China is larger than any country in Africa. = China is larger than all the countries in Africa.
课文佳句背诵与仿写（旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）
1【原句】Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. 那天的清晨，当火车穿越落基山脉时，她们设法看到了野山羊，甚至还看到了一只大灰熊和一只鹰。
【模仿1】黄昏，我正在和一群孩子在河边玩。忽然发现岸边的人们都被染成金黄色。同时，水面上，大坝上和树都被笼罩在一片金色光辉中。
【模仿2】在春天，当的雨季已经过去, 漫长炎热的夏天还没有到来, 在这季节交替的时间, 温斯堡城外的乡野生机岸然. 小城的四周是开阔的田野, 田地外可见一片片赏心悦目的林地.
2. 【原句】Going eastward, you'll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities一路向东行，你们会经过一座座山脉，-上千个湖泊，森林，还有宽阔的河流和许多大城市。
[模仿要点] 并列表达：A and B , as well as C and D
【模仿1】当你沿着小径漫步时，你会看见幽静的小径旁点缀着各种树木和花草，树下还有一下百色的木椅，花坛旁还有一些石凳。
【模仿2】沿着小路走着，我们感到非常的惬意伴随着太阳灿烂地照耀着，伴随着微风轻轻地吹着 ，伴随着美丽的花儿对我们微笑着，伴随着鸟儿在树上唱着甜美的歌.