高中英语定语从句详解

高中英语定语从句详解

定语从句用来充当句中定语的主谓结构；它主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词。而定语从句的位置常常是紧跟在 被修饰的名词、代词的后面。在被修饰的名词、代词与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整 体，或是构成一个名词短语；或是构成一个代词短语。但从结构上说，关系词与从句是一个整体。排除句子的其他各 部分，这种带有定语从句的名词短语或是代词短语的构成可演示如下： 1）three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack 三种意味着一个人是患有惊恐症而不是心脏病的迹象在这个带有定语从句的名词短语中： signs 是：被修饰的名词； that 是：关系词； that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack 是定语从句 2）those who drink a lot 那些大量饮酒的人在这个带有定语从句的代词短语中： those 是：被修饰的名词； who 是：关系词; who drink a lot 是：定语从句通过上面的演示,我们可以归纳出定语从句在句子中的位置、结构如下： 被修饰的名词 / 代词 + 关系词 + 句子 (其中，是表示ng for the patient on whom doctors just performed an operation . 他们正在寻找那位医生刚刚给他做过手术的 病人。 (句中的关系代词 whom 代替 the patient ，在从句中作介词 on 的宾语，而且介词 on 提到关系代词的前面，所以 who 和 whom 就绝不可以通用了，此处只能用 whom 。) Who is the girl to who (whom) you talked just now ? （错误） (句中的关系代词 whom(who)代替 the girl ，在从句中作介词 to 的宾语，但是由于介词 to 已提到了关系代词的前面,who 和 whom 就绝不可以通用了,所以如果还继续使用 who 句子就错了。此处只能用 whom 。) whose 用于代替十几岁的人于今天下午去进行体检。 This is the magazine which was sent to me by post . （先行词 the magazine 是单数，关系代词 which 也就看作是单数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了单数形式 was sent） 这 是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。 关系代词 that 和 which 的区别 that 和 which 在一般情况都可以用于代替的这些方面在解决这个问题上的确很重要。 People such as you describe are rarely seen nowadays . 你描述的这种人现在很少见了。 This computer has the same functions as that one has . 这台计算机有着和那台计算机一样的功能。 非限定性定语从句 （as 可以作为关系代词引导非限定性定语从句时，as 是指全句：也就是说，将整个主句看成一件事 或是一个事实；并对其进行补充、说明。这种非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。 ） As I know , she hasn't got married . 如我所知，她还未结婚。 They won the first place in the game, as could be expected. 可以预料，他们在比赛中得了第一。 Professor Li is extremely popular among students , as is known to all of us . 如我们大家所知，李教授极受学生们的欢迎。 2)关系副词：when , where , why 等。在定语从句，关系副词 = 介词 + which 。也就是说，每个关系副词里本身就已 经含有了一个介词：when = 在什么时候，where = 在什么地方，why = 为什么原因，等。至于在英文中用哪个具体的 介词，就得依具体情况而定了。 when 代替表示时间的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语,例如： People will always remember the time when Hong Kong and Macao returned to our motherland . 人们会永远记住香港和澳门回归祖国的那一时刻。 He came at a time when we needed help . 他在我们需要人帮忙的时候来了。 We don't know the exact time when the English Evening will be held . 我们不知道英语晚会举行的确切时间。 where 代替表示地点的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如： The place where we're to have the Speech Contest has not been decided yet.我们举行演讲比赛的地点还未定下来。 He is living in a newly-built house where there used to be a pond . 他现在居住的新房是原先一个池塘的旧址。 That is a beautiful campus where I made a lot dreams . 那是一座我曾经在那儿有过许多梦想的美丽的校园。 why 代替表示原因的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如： He didn't tell her the reason why he was so happy . 他没有告诉她为什么他那么高兴的原因。 The reason why she was late is not so acceptable . 她迟到的原因不那么令人接受。 They explained the reason to us why they had misunderstood us before . 他们向我们解释为什么他们以前误解了我们的原因。 介词+关系代词 在这种结构中，关系代词若是表示人的意义，就只能用 whom ；关系代词若是表示事物的意义，就只能用 which 。而 这种结构中较难解决的问题是介词的选择问题，因为这个问题的解决取决于多种因素： A）动词与介词的搭

配 B）名词与介词的搭配 C）形容词与介词的搭配，等等。总之，要依从句的具体需要而定。例如： A）动词与介词的搭配 He has found a good job for which he is qualified .（ qualify + 名词+ for 由于上述 原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往 往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。 例如：Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy . （此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词 a sphere 进行补充、说明。 ） 更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。 The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center . （此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites ，computers 和 television 进行补充、说明。如果去掉 这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为： The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .） 卫星能传输信息，计算机能储存信息，电视能显示信息，把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。 The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,

将全句表达的意思看成. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 8. The Nile, ___________electricity is produced, no longer destroys villages and crops. A. which B. from which C. from it D. from that 9. In the 1950s, _________ blacks didn’t have equal rights, a lot of marches took place. A. when B. that C. which D. from which 10. Bob’s father, ____________, spent four years in Egypt. A. that worked on the project B. he worked on the project C. who worked on the project D. whom worked on the project 11. The retiring teacher made a speech _________ she thanked the class for the gift. A. which B. of which C. in which D. that 12. He has to work on Sundays, __________ he does not like. A. and which B. which C. and when D. when 13.Which of the two cows ______________you keep produces more milk? A. that B. which C. whom D. when 14. He paid the boy US $10 for washing ten windows, most ___________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least year. these B. those C. that D. of which 15. The boys, ___________ could not reach the shelf, went to look for something to stand on. A. the tall of whom B. the tallest of whom C. the tallest one D. the tallest of them 16. Rabbits make their homes in fields _________ hide their young under bushes or among tall grasses. A. can where they B. where they can C. where can they D. where can 17. Is this the factory ______ color TV sets are produced? A. that B. which C. in which D. in that 18. Who is that comrade _______ was there? A. whom B. that C. which D. whose 19. This is Mr Smith, __________ I think has something interesting to tell you. 19）A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 20）A. what B. that C. who D. which 20. Mother bought me a dictionary on my birthday, ________made me very happy. 仿真训练 1 She wore a heavy fur coat in such a hot day, ___________ I found quite strange.

A.

1）A. which B. that C. what D. when 2）A. in which B. at which C. of which D. from which 2 China has hundreds of islands,_____________ the largest is Taiwan. 3 We came to a place ____________ they had never paid a visit before. 3）A. to where B. to which C. that D. which 4）A. since B. which C. that D. when 4 It was twelve o’clock ______they finished the work. 5）A. whom B. whoC. when D. because 5 He often helps the students __________ he thinks are not quick at their studies. 6 Is there a restaurant around ____I have something to eat?A. that B. what C. which D. where 7 It was at the school _________ was named after a hero _____________ he spent his childhood. A. which; that B. where; where C. that; where D. which; where 8 Look at the watch. Don’t you see it is _______ watch ________ Helen lost the other day? A. as the same; as B. the same; as C. the same; which D. as the same ; that 9 There is a popular belief among parents ___________ schools don’t pay any attention to handwriting. A. whose B. that C. which D. in which 10 ---- Was _______Bill, _____________ played football well, _________ helped the blind man cross the road? ---- Yes, you are right. He

is always ready to help others. A. it; that; who B. which; that; that C. it; who; that D. who; which; that 11 His sister has become a teacher, ___was what she wanted to be.A. whoB. whatC. thatD. which 12 In the open boat, the four men, _________ was a doctor, met with a storm on the sea. A. one of which B. one of who C. one of whom D. one of them 13. His glasses, ________ he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke. A. which B. from which C. with which D. without which 14. The look, the cover ________ is broken, is not mine. A. of it B. for C. whose D. of which 15 The great trouble he __________ show us how to run the machine _______ him completely tired. A. what B. which C. that D. all that 16 (1995 上海) In the office I never seem to have time until 5:30 p.m.,__________ many people have gone home. A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time 17. Not only _________ the car he __________ been sold by his son for gambling debts, but also his new house. A. /; has B. has; had C. has; has D. was ; has 18. The theory he’s stuck ________ us that earthquakes can be forecast. A, to prove to B. to proves to C. proves to D. which proved 19. The high building ______ is a big hotel. A. we are looking at it B. we looking C. at that we are looking D. we are looking at 20. The baby _________is not hers. A. of that she is taking good care B. who she is taking good care C. of who she is taking good care D. whom she is taking good care of 21 (2001) The film brought the hours back to me ______ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. 1）A. until B. that C. when D. where 2）A. It B. As C. That D. What 22 2001) ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 23 (1994) The weather turned out to be very good, _____ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 24 (1996) After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town, _______ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when 25 (1998) He made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B.which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is 26 (1999) --- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. --- Is that the reason_______ you had a few days off? A. whyB. whenC. whatD. where 27 (1992) In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _______ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 28 (1997 上海) All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those ________ in the forest .

A. once they grew B. they grew once C. that once grew D. once grew 29. (1999) Carol said the work would be done by October, _____ personally I doubt very much. 30(1993 上海) I don’t like __________ you speak to her. 29）A. it B. that C. when D. which A. the way B. the in that C. the way which D. the way of which

【专项训练】 1．Football is a very interesting game , is played all over the world． A．that B．which C．it D．who 2．Is

there anything else you require? A．which B．that C．who D．what 3．The last place we visited was the Great Wall． A．which B．that C．where D．it 4．He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school． A．which B．who C．it D．that 5．The railway tunnel, though the train goes, will be completed soon． A．which B．that C．it D．whom 6．His uncle works in a factory bicycles are made． A．that B．which C．where D．there 7．There is no dictionary you can find everything． A．that B．which C．where D．in that 8．Next month, you’ll spend in your hometown is coming． A．which B．that C．when D．where 9．Next month, you’ll be in your hometown is coming． A．which B．that C．when D．where 10．I often thought of my childhood , I lived on a farm． A．which B．where C．when D．who 11．He wanted to know the time he needed to know ． A．that B．when C．where D．what 12．There isn’t so much noise in the country in big cities． A．that B．which C．where D．as 13．They could only read such stories had been rewritten in simple English ． A．that B．which C．as D．what

14．The stems of bamboo are hollow makes them very light． A．which B．as C．that D．it 15．Crusoe’s dog became ill and died , made him very lonely ． A．as B．which C．that D．this 16．They’ve invited me to their party , is kind of them． A．as B．which C．That D．this 17． we know now ,bats come out only at night ． A．As B．Which C ．That D．What 18．John got beaten in the game , had been expected ． A．as B．that C．what D．who 19． has been said above ,grammar is a set of dead rules． A．Which B．What C．That D．As 20．Do you know the reason he was late? A．that B．which C．for what D．for which 21．He built a telescope he could study the skies． A．in which B．with that C．through which D．by it 22．I have bought two ballpens , writes well ． A．none of which B．neither of which C．none of them D．neither of them 23．There are two thousand students in our school , are girls ． A．of whom two thirds B．two -thirds of them C．two -third in them D．two -thirds in which 24．Do you know the man ? A．whom I spoke B．to who I spoke C．I spoke to D．that I spoke 25．The factory we’ll visit next week isn’t far from here ． A．where B．in which C．which D．to which 26．This is one of the best films this year． A．have been shown B．that have shown C．that have been shown D．which has been shown 27．Can you lend me the book the other day ? A．you talked about B．about that you talked C．that you talked D．which you talked 28．Is there any one in you class family is in the city ． A．who B．who’s C．which D．whose 29．I’ll never forget the days we stayed together． A．when B．in which C．which D．what 30．Is some German friends visited last week ? A．this school B．this the school C．this scho

ol one D．this school where 31．I’ll tell you he told me last month ． A．all which B．all what C．that all D．all 32．Do you know the reason she got so angry yesterday? A．for why B．for that C．which D．why 33．I still remember the day she first wore that pink dress． A．which B．in which…… C．on that D．on which 34．I’ll show you a store you may buy all you need ． A．in which , / B．where , which C．which , that D．that , that 35．Winter is the time of year the days are short and nights are long． A．where B．when C．that D．on which 36．The train she was travelling was late． A．which B．on which C．for which D．on that 37．The second World War millions of people were killed ended in 1945．

A．during which B．in that C．where D．on which 38．Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn ? A．that B．/ C．which D．it 39．This is the best hotel in the city I know ． A．which B．that C．where D．it 40．I’ve read all the books were borrowed from the library ． A．that B．/ C．which D．they 41．The scientist and his achievements you told me about are admired by us all． A．which B．who C．that D．whose 42．She hasn’t got enough money to buy the rings ． A．which B．that C．with which D．for which 43．Finally came the day he bad to beging his study for the next term． A．which B．since C．that D．till 44．We hope to get such a tool he is using ． A．which B．as C．that D．where 45．Is there anything to you ． A．that is belonged B．that belongs C．which belongs D．that belong 46．You can take any seat is free ． A．which B．where C．that D．in which 47．The old woman has two sons ,one is a teacher． A．of them B．of which C．of whom D．of who 48．My hometown is no longer the same it used to be ． A．which B．as C．that D．like 49．You may take anything useful ． A．you want B．what you want C．you want them D．which you want 50．He tore up my photo and upset me ． A．that B．it C．which D．what 51．During the days , he worked as a servant at the Browns． A．followed B．following C．to follow D．that followed 52．The beautiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers ． A．that B．wearing which C．worn by D．in which 53．The clever boy made a hole in the wall , he could see what was going on inside the house． A．in which B．through which C．at which D．on which 54．The brave man , the tiger was shor is a good bunter． A．by which B．by whom C．by that D．of whom 55．The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp ． A．with which B．with it C．with that D．which 【答案】 ： 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 D 5 A 6 C 7 C 8 A 9 C 10 C 11 A 12 D 13 C 14 A 15 B 16 B 17 A 18 A 19 D 20 D 21 C 22 B 23 A 24 C 25 C 26 C 27 A 28 D 29 A 30 B 31 D 32 D 33 D 34 A 35 B 36 B 37 A 38 A 39 B 40 A 41 C 42 C 43 C 44 B 45 B 46 C 47C 48 B 49 A 50A 51 D 52 D 53 B 54 B 55 A