中英文资料
土木工程质量管理
中英文资料外文翻译文献
On civil engineering construction project quality management
1 Introduction
Civil engineering building project success lies in the quality of quality, separate, other everything is out of the question. Therefore, to take civil engineering construction quality management in the construction project implementation plan and implementation process.
In practice, no more than the use of engineering quality of care. But to ensure the construction quality, using the party there is a need for the organization experienced professional quality management team, design of the whole
construction process, including engineering design, construction units, building material, construction process and supervision and other aspects of the management, but also guide the construction unit of the construction personnel to timely and effectively encourages training. This article from the above several aspects to discuss.
2.construction of the effective surveillance on the use of unit, design unit as a design once, is the work of supervisors, why should I organize the quality surveillance team? Because our country construction there are still many unsatisfactory objective or objective aspects, the unit is necessary to hire have the sense of responsibility, have management experience, familiar with the policies and regulations, have good communication ability quality management, set up quality management team, the construction design and construction process for effective management monitoring. The management team, can according to the engineering build pause status stop adjustment, implementation of compulsory system. On ordinary civil construction, quality management is relatively easy, with the possible exception of new information on the use of new technology, the whole quality management more rule-based. On special request of civil building engineering, quality management will be arranged to stop.
First of all, on the quality of project design management. This stage, mainly for the design units in strict accordance with the unit can the fundamental request stop design, to check whether reasonable design plan, design intent can and the
surrounding geographical environment as well as local humane environment of harmony, in the technology and the budget is feasible, can be advanced technology, reliable structure can safely, whether the unit in charge of construction appropriate technology request etc..
These aspects of the management and inspection, in relation to the whole building after project completion, in the use of function, quality, human physical performance and other aspects whether can reach certain degree of satisfaction of the big issue.
At this stage, management personnel more to listen to designers to design the idea
In addition, to check the design drawings can correctly reflect the design plan, calculated correctly, drawing dimensioning can have mistakenly, selection of materials and construction request whether reasonable, the overall design of various departments such as can harmonious design. Because our country is in the design and supervision work still is lacked very much, in the aspects of management and examination must be careful, in order to prevent subsequent quality disputes.Secondly, to the construction supervision supervision.
Construction supervision is the key to guarantee the construction quality. Quality management departments should promptly to supervision departments to key local construction quality monitoring report, implement supervision duty. At the same time, but also in a timely manner, sampling test, certain construction
technology can fit design request. On construction supervision departments, to check its supervision can improve the supervision work procedure, to check whether supervision report specification, not in conformity with the requests of construction operation can be corrected in a timely manner.
Again, on the construction equipment and construction personnel basic quality supervision and inspection construction can stop, with safe and reliable, can satisfy the design request and to complete construction; construction team consisting of whether reasonable, the construction of the technical staff to whether accord with basic request, especially on special request link, can have the equivalent level technical personnel in charge of participating in the construction process. Pay attention to the quality of construction unit, it progresses to the legal view. On raw materials procurement and construction of test procedures are detailed records.
In addition, to stop the construction effect of sampling, discover a problem, timely and inspect manage personnel contact, stop the rectification, to prevent the engineering dispute, avoid engineering quality formation of waste.
3construction of the various communication quality management work is not a design and construction method for cubic, but the entire project important constituent, it is designed with all relevant units of the divergent interests of. Present quality problems, the parties involved have the duty, have loss. At this point, the quality management must communicate with relevant parties, won the understanding and support. In addition, in the process of construction, also often
encounter the construction side of the design request of doubt problem. The generation of these problems, sometimes due to the use of units of detailed request, some are the result of the design concept and design thoughts of the reasons, some due to the construction process the request of different caused. These problems cannot be ignored, should be promptly to communicate, understand the request, the timely adjustment. Not conscious construction, so that the practical results and design request is betrayed, and the use of units of the basic request of betrayal, unnecessary disputes and losses.
4construction personnel training and encourage civil engineering building operators is worker of a gleam of. From the present situation, the construction team of individual technical quality is also very important. Some construction unit, construction personnel activity, the construction of personnel practice degree no true assessment, making the construction quality to sell at a discount greatly.
Then, is it right? A start to construction personnel examination, request to high level? At least from the now situation, which is not ideal. First, each building project on the detailed construction technology has different request. In the organization of the construction process, request a certain proportion of with some degree of worker technician, another local can have initial operation skills of construction workers. During the construction process, to guide the construction of a reasonable distribution of work, make the workers work in practice to further mature some basic types of operational procedures and technical requirements, and
on this basis, the organization staff to stop training, make the understanding of the new technology, become established during the construction of the backbone. Then let them in the work of a scheme to other construction personnel to impart technical.
In this respect, the construction unit according to the detailed status of layout. There has been a reasonable training mechanism, the construction personnel to understand the practical operation level, and improve their technical level of power. In the long run, the overall quality of the progress of the construction unit is also very important.
On the other hand, effective encouragement and improve construction worker job enthusiasm and learning enthusiasm of the necessary measures. Frontline workers mostly from rural, energy consumption, the low pay, the mood is stable. Therefore, to establish effective encouraging mechanism. To ensure that the wage Qing month, labor safeguard measures, management of human nature, care workers and Ankang. In addition, to organize the workers involved in the construction management and technology research, fully adjustable open invention enthusiasm of workers. Technology progress leads to an increase in income, so as to promote the stable construction team, the construction quality is very important. It is hard to imagine that a majority of people full of grievances of the construction team can achieve the task.
5Conclusion
It is often said, should be
译文：
关于土木工程施工项目的质量管理
1.引言
土木工程建立项目的成败在于质量，分开质量，其他一切都无从谈起。因而，要把土木工程施工的质量管理归入整个建立项目的施行方案以及施行过程之中。
实践上，没有比运用方更关怀工程质量的了。但要保证施工质量，运用方有必要组织有经历的专业的质量管理队伍，对整个设计施工过程，包括对工程设计、施工单位、建立用材、施工工艺以及监理工作等多方面的管理，还要包括指导施工单位对施工人员停止适时培训和有效地鼓励。本文将从上述几个方面停止讨论。
2.建筑施工的有效监视关于运用单位来说，曾经有设计单位担任设计，有
监理人员的工作，为什么还要本人组织质量监视队伍呢？ 由于我国施工建立还存在许多不尽人意的客观方面的或者客观方面问题，运用单位有必要延聘有义务心、有运营管理经历、熟习政策法规、有很好的沟通才能的质量管理经理，组建质量管理队伍，对施工设计以及施工过程停止有效的管理监视。这支管理队伍，能够依据工程建立的停顿状况停止调整，实行阶段义务制。关于普通的民用建筑，质量管理相对容易，除了可能的新资料新工艺的运用之外，整个质量管理比拟有章可循。关于有特殊请求的土木建立工程，质量管理工作就要分门别类地停止。
首先，对工程设计的质量管理。这一阶段，主要针对设计单位能否严厉依照运用单位的根本请求停止设计，要检查设计计划能否合理，设计企图能否与周边的天文环境以及当地的人文环境谐和，在技术上以及经费预算上能否可行，工艺能否先进，构造能否牢靠平安，能否对施工单位有恰当的技术请求等等。
这些环节的管理与检查，关系到整个建立项目完成之后，在运用功用、质量、人文肉体的表现等诸方面能否都能到达一定的称心度的大问题。
在这个阶段，管理人员要多多听取设计人员对设计理念的陈说，多多咨询运用单位人员在宏观以及微观上的意见倡议，使设计计划不时完善。
另外，要检查设计图纸能否正确反映设计计划、计算能否正确、图纸的尺寸标注能否有误、选用资料以及施工请求能否合理、整体设计中各个部门的设计能否谐和等。由于我国在设计监理方面的工作还很缺乏，对这方面的管理与检查务必留神，以防止以后的质量纠葛。
其次，对施工监理的监视。
施工监理是保证施工质量的关键。质量管理部门要及时听取监理部门对主要关键局部的施工质量的监察报告，落实监理义务。同时，还要及时取样抽检，肯定施工工艺能否契合设计请求。关于施工监理部门，要检查其监理工作能否有完善的监理工作程序，要检查监理报告能否规范，关于不契合请求的施工操作能否及时纠正。
再次，对施工单位的施工配备以及施工人员的根本素质停止监视检查，施工配备能否平安牢靠，能否可以满足完成施工并到达设计请求；施工队伍组成能否合理，施工人员的技术才能能否契合根本请求，特别是关于有特别请求的环节，能否有相当级别的技术人员掌管参与施工过程。要关注施工单位的质量认识，把它进步到法律的层面来认识。对原资料的采购以及施工程序的检验都要有细致的记载。
另外，要对施工效果停止抽检，发现问题，及时与监理人员联络，停止整改，以防止工程纠葛，防止因工程质量形成的糜费。
3.建筑施工的多方面沟通质量管理工作不是设计与施工方的对立方，而是整个工程的重要组成局部，它的目的是与一切相关单位的利益分歧的。呈现质量问题，参与各方都有义务，都有损失。这一点，质量管理人务必与有关各方多多沟通，获得了解和支持。另外，在施工过程中，也经常会遇到施工方对设计请求有疑问的问题。这些问题的产生，有时是由于运用单位的详细请求，有些是由于设计理念和设计思绪的缘由，有些是由于对施工工艺的请求不同而惹起的。这些问题都不能被无视，要及时停止沟通，明白请求，及时调整。不能自觉施工，使实践结果与设计请求相背叛，与运用单位的根本请求相背叛，形成不用要的争议与损失。
4.施工人员的培训与鼓励土木工程建立的施行者是一线工人。从现状来看，施工队伍的个人技术素质也是非常重要的。有些施工单位，施工人员活动性大，对施工人员的实践程度没有的确的考核，使得施工质量大打折扣。 那么，是不是一开端就要对施工人员停止考核，请求其到达很高的水准呢？至少从如今状况看，这是不理想的。首先，每个建立项目对详细的施工工艺都有不同的请求。在组织施工过程中，请求一定比例的具有一定程度的工人技师，另一局部则能够是具有初步操作技艺的基建工人。在施工过程中，要指导施工方合理分配工作，使工人们在实践工作中进一步纯熟一些根底工种的操作规程和技术请求，在此根底上，组织选择人员停止培训，使之熟习新的施工技术工艺，成为建立施工过程中的主干力气。然后让他们在工作中有方案地向其他施工人员传授技术。
这方面，施工单位能够依据详细的状况布置。有了合理的培训考核机制，施工人员才干明白本人的实践操作程度，并且有进步本人技术程度的动力。从久远来看，这对施工单位整体素质的进步也是十分重要的。
另一方面，有效的鼓励也是进步施工工人工作积极性和学习进步技术的积极性的必要措施。一线工人大多来自乡村，膂力耗费大，报酬低，心情不稳定。因而，要树立有效的鼓励机制。要保证工资月月清，劳动维护措施得当，管理人性化，关怀工人的身心安康。另外，要组织工人参与施工管理和技术研讨，充沛调开工人的发明积极性。技术程度的进步带来收入的增加，从而促进施工队伍的稳定，这对施工质量是十分重要的。很难想象一个大多数人充溢怨气的施工队伍可以保质保量地完成任务。
5.结论
人们常说，工程建立应是“权宜之计，质量第一”，但是，质量问题却是层出不穷。假如在施工建立过程中的一些环节中，质量都有所差距，这些差距积聚起来就会从基本上改动整个工程的质量。因而，不放过每个环节的质量监视，对有问题的施工及时纠正，是对运用单位担任、对设计单位担任、对施工单位担任，亦即对社会担任。有了这样的义务心，我们的工程建立程度才干逐步进步，才干构成良好的工作习气。构成良性开展的建立施工环境。另一方面，质量管理不能想到哪做到哪，要系统化、程序化，设计好整个管理流程，一切数据、项目都编制造册，最好树立计算机数据库，存储在计算机里。管理检查的结论、文字、图表图象、问题以及纠正状况及时得到记载。这是施工质量管理工作信息化开展的必然趋向。这方面还是我疆土木工程施工质量管理的缺乏之处，有待进一步开发完善。