宾语补足语讲解
一、定义
宾语补足语通常紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明。
二、句子结构是
主+谓+宾+宾补
三、两种结构
1. 主表型：
1) make our country beautiful (adjective)
2) call him Lao Li (noun)
3) find sb. out (adv.)
4) find sb. at home (Prep. phrase)
2. 主谓型：
1) ask sb. to do sth.（有to 不定式）
2) have sb. do sth. （无to 不定式）
3) see sb. doing sth. （现在分词）
4) have sth. done. （过去分词）
四、什么动词后可有宾语补足语
1. 在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。 这类动词有：consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove等。这类动词后的不定式通常是"to be+形容词或名词"结构，think, consider, find后的to be常可省略。
如：We consider him (to be) a good teacher. 我们认为他是一个好老师。
He proved that theory (to be) very important. 他证明那个理论是很重要的。 I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her.
我第一次见到她的时候就认为她人很好，很诚实。
2. 在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语。 这类动词有：love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect等。
如：I'd prefer you to leave him alone. 我希望你不要打扰他。
I don't want there to be any trouble. 我不想有任何麻烦。
3. 注意：hope, demand, suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。
如：I hope you can give me a hand. 我希望你能帮我一把。
I wish you to give me a hand. 我希望你能帮我一把。
He required us to be present at the meeting. 他要求我们出席会议。
Mr Li suggested that she should not go there alone. 李先生建议她不要独自去那里。
五、可作宾语补足语的形式有
不定式，现在分词，过去分词，名词，形容，副词，介词短语都能作补语。
六、具体说明
（一）副词作宾语补足语
如：I found him in yesterday.
（二）常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, make, find等。
如：We must keep our classroom clean.
（三）常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有：call, name, make, think等。
如：We call them mooncakes.
（四）常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, find, keep等。
如：In the country, we can hear birds singing.
（五）常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, find, leave等。
如：I left my pen on my desk at home.
（六）不定式作宾语补足语
1. 常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, want, teach, wish, advise, allow, ask, beg, command, tell, invite, force, oblige, get, help, encourage, persuade,
permit, remind, request, order, warn, cause等；
如：She often asks me to help her.
We don't allow such things to happen again.
Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke.
She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.
Please remind me to leave her this note.
She requested him to go with her.
2. 接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, make, let等。 如：I often see him play football.
3. 用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明：
① help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。
如：I often help my mother(to) do some housework.
② 一些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，这些动词有：一感二听三让四
观看。一感：feel；二听：hear, listen to；三让：let, have, make；四观看：observe,
see, watch, look at。
③ 在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。这类动词还有：make, let, have
等。转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式 (have没有被动语态)。
如：What would you have me do? 你要我做什么？
She made him give up smoking. 她让他戒了烟。
Let him do whatever he wishes to do. 他想干什么就让他干吧。
Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by
his little sister. 虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了。
4. 掌握“使役动词 have + 宾语＋过去分词”的几种含义
在“have ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语，have也可用
get。这一结构具有以下几种含义：
① 意为“主语请别人做某事”。例如：
如：He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.
他明天想去检查眼睛。（“检查”的动作由医生来进行）
② 意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。例如：
如：Be careful, or you'll have your hands hurt. 当心，否则会弄伤手的。
③ 意为“使完成某事”，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成。
如：He had the walls painted this morning.他今早把墙漆了。（主语自己可能参与）
④ 动词不定式也可作一些短语动词的宾语补足语。
如：I'm waiting for James to arrive. 我正等着詹姆斯的到来。
He's arranged for a car to pick them up at the station.
他已安排了一辆汽车去车站接他们。
The UN has called on both sides to observe the cease fire.
联合国号召交战双方遵守停火协定。
（七）分词作宾语补足语
用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
1. 跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等。
如：There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself heard.
由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。
When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.
他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。
2. 几种用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况说明：
① 表示“意欲；命令”的动词如 like, want, wish, order 等，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。如：The father wants his daughter taught the piano. 这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。
② 感官动词 see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find 等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
如：I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. 刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。 ③ 使役动词 have, get, make, leave, keep 等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
如：Have you got your films developed? 你拿胶卷去冲洗了没有？
④“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
如：The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式）
With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件） With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）
【练习题】
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
2. ----There’s a hole in your bag. ---- I know, I’m going to have it _____.
A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended
3. Though he had often made his little sister ____, today he was made ____ by his little sister.
A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry
4. They would not allow him _____ across the enemy line.
A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going
5. I found the door _____ when I got home.
A. opened B. close C. unlocking D. open
6. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ___.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do D. do not to
7. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise____.
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
8. With a lot of difficult problems_____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
9. I advised _____ at once.
A. him to starting B. him to start C. to starting D. to start
10. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still ____.
A. beat B. to be beating C. beating D. was beating
11. You had better get a doctor _____ your bad tooth.
A. pull out B. to pull out C. pulled out D. pulling out
12. He managed to make himself with his____ English.
A. understand; breaking B. understand; broken
C. understood; breaking D. understood; broken
13. The doctor asked him not to leave his wound ______.
A. expose B. exposed C. to expose D. exposing
14. They are going to have the service man ____ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.
A. install B. to install C. to be installed D. installed
15. After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute ______.
A. being settled B. to be settled C. had settled D. as settled
16. You will see this product ____ wherever you go.
A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. advertising
17. His remarks left me _____ about his real purpose.
A. wondered B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondering
18. When I caught him ______ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another
shop.
A. cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheating
19. Though he had often made his little sister ____, today he was made ____ by his little sister.
A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry
20. Did you intend us ___ the new method?
21. The teacher encouraged us ______ good compositions.
A. Writing B. written C. to write D. is writing
22. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ___________.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
23. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _______went wrong again.
A .it B. it repaired C .repaired D. to be repaired
24. With a lot of difficult problems_____, the newly—elected president is having a hard time.
A .settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
25. With trees, flowers and grass_____ everywhere, my native town had taken on a new look.
A. planting B. planted C. to plant D .to be planted
26. She was glad to see her child well_____ care of.
A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking
27. The result of the entrance exams was not made _____to the public until last Thursday.
A. knowing B. known C. to know D. to be known
28. I can make you _____what I say, but you can’t make yourself ____ in English.
A. understand; understand B. understand, understood
C. to understand, understand D. understand; to be understood
29. He found them ____ at a table_____.
A. sat; to play chess B. sitting; to play chess
C. seated; playing chess D. seat; play the chess
30. John rushed out in a hurry, ___ the door_____.
A. leaving; unlocked B. leaving; unlocking
C. left; unlocked D. to leave; unlocking
31. We are pleased to see the problem ___ so quickly.
A. settled B. settling C. be settled D. having been settled
32. I could feel the wind ___ on my face from an open window.
A .to blow B .blowing C. to be blowing D .blown
33. ____ production up by 60%,the company has had another excellent year.
A. As B. For C. With D. Through
34. ____ everything ____, she left the supermarket with satisfaction.
A. As, buying B. For, to buy C. With, bought D .Because, to buy
35. Don’t leave the water ____ while you brush your teeth. (天津2004)
A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
36. He looked around and caught a man ___ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
37. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _______. (重庆 2004)
A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry
38. The teacher asked us _____ so much noise. (北京2003)
A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
39. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered ____ clear warnings before firing any shots. (上海2003)
A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued
40.－Good morning. Can I help you? －I'd like to have this package __ ,Madame.
A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed
41. Father will not __us to use his recorders.
A. have B. let C .agree D. allow
42. John was made __the truck for a week as punishment.
A .to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing
43. The missing boys were last seen __ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
44. Paul doesn't have to be made __ .He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C .learned D. learning
45. Seeing the sun __ above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.
A. to rise B. to raise C. rising D .raising
46. I was disappointed to find his suggestions __ .
A been turned down B. turned down C. to be turned down D. to turn down
47. The patient was warned ____oily food after the operation.
A. to eat to B. eating not C .not to eat D not eating
48. The speaker raised her voice but still couldn’t make herself _______.
A. hear B. hearing C. to hear D. heard
49. If you go to Xi’an, you’ll find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly _________.
A. supposing B. to suppose C. supposed D. suppose
50. It’s so cold today, we must keep the fire ________.
A. to burn B. burning C. burn D. burnt
51. The mother was asked ________ let her children ________ TV every evening;
A. not to; watch B. not to; to watch C. not; watch D. not; watching
52. They didn’t observe her _______ in and go upstairs.
A. come B. came C. to come D. coming
53. How about the two of us ____ a walk down the garden? (MET93 17)
A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking
54. I have had my bike , and I’m going to have somebody my radio tomorrow.
A. repair; to repair B. repairing; to be repaired
C. repaired; repair D. to repair; repairing
55. _________ the room, the nurse found the tape recorder _________.
A. Entering; stealing B. Entering; gone
C. To have entered; being stolen D. Having entered; to be stolen
56. Could you show me the mobile phone you’d like ______?
A. to have repaired B. repairing it C. having it repaired D. to repair it
57. I have often heard the ABC Song , but I have never heard Alice it.
A. to be sung; to sing B. being sung; sang C. sung; sing D. sang; singing
58. I can hardly imagine Peter __________ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed
59. --- Have you had anyone ______ your newly-bought flat?
--- Not yet. I am going to get John _______ a design for it first.
A. to decorate; make B. to decorate; to make
C. decorate; make D. decorate; to make
60. ---“Did you have any difficulty in today’s homework?”---“No, in fact I found __________.”
A. it very easy to do B. it very easy done C. very easy for doing D. very easy to do it Keys:
1-5 CCAAD 6-10 AACBC 11-15 BDBAD 16-20 CDAAB 21-25 CACAB 26-30 CBBCA 31-35 ABCCB 36-40 DADAD 41-45 DAABC 46-50 BCDCB 51-55 AACCB 56-60 ACCDA