毕 业 论 文
浅谈工程造价的控制
作 者 姓 名 ： 曾莉
专 业、班 级： 电气1101班
学 号： 2011110309
校内指导教师： 范文军
校外指导教师： 侯静
完 成 日 期 ： 2013-6-1
黄河水利职业技术学院自动化工程系
黄河水院自动化工程系毕业论文
摘 要
目前造价的确定与控制是工程建设项目管理的重要组成部分，它能够在工程建设项目的全过程（投资决策、设计、招投标、施工阶段）中采取有效措施，把工程项目建设发生的全部费用控制在批准的限额内，并随时纠正发生的偏差，以保证投资估算、设计概预算和竣工决算等管理目标的实现，达到合理使用人力、物力、财力，获得最大投资效益的目的。
本论文首先进行施工方施工图的整体工程量的确定，再采用实物量报价与单位估价法结合并用的方法来确定工程造价，其中工程的部分主体部分采用实物量法，一些零星的工程造价采用单位估价法算出，再确定工程的总造价，最后对造价指数进行汇总分析。
通过本次论文可以知道，工程造价除与工程内容有关外，还与建设地区的经济发展程度、建设者的管理和技术水平、国家和当地政府的政策、法令等外部条件有着千丝万缕的联系。工程造价控制是建设管理的一个核心部分，它始终贯穿于工程建设的全过程。
关键词：工程造价；工程造价控制；造价管理；施工图预算
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目 录
摘 要 ····································································································································· I 目 录 ······························································································································· - 2 -
1．绪论 ···································································································· 错误！未定义书签。
1.1选题背景 ···················································································· 错误！未定义书签。
1.2选题的意义 ················································································ 错误！未定义书签。
1.3论文的研究思路 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。
1.4造价管理与控制的研究方法 ···················································· 错误！未定义书签。
2．工程造价理论概述 ············································································ 错误！未定义书签。
2.1我国工程造价与国际工程造价管理现状的对比 ···················· 错误！未定义书签。
2.2我国全过程造价管理存在着以下问题： ································ 错误！未定义书签。
2.2.1不够重视投资决策阶段工程造价的确控 ····················· 错误！未定义书签。
2.2.2设计阶段的工程造价控制不严 ····································· 错误！未定义书签。
2.2.3还未全面采用国际上通用的工程量清单报价方式 ····· 错误！未定义书签。
2.2.4施工阶段对工程造价控制不够 ····································· 错误！未定义书签。
2.2.5工程竣工决算阶段的工程造价控制不力 ····················· 错误！未定义书签。
2.3工程造价管理的主要阶段与相关管理方法 ···························· 错误！未定义书签。
2.3.1工程造价管理的含义及其主要阶段 ····························· 错误！未定义书签。
2.3.2确定工程造价的主要方法和影响因素及存在的问题 · 错误！未定义书签。
2.3.2.1目前在工程施工投标报价方面确定工程造价的方法 ··· 错误！未定义书签。
2.3.2.1.1定额计价法 ··································································· 错误！未定义书签。
2.3.2.1.2工程量清单计价法 ······················································· 错误！未定义书签。
2.3.2.2影响工程造价的确定的因素 ··········································· 错误！未定义书签。
2.3.2.3工程造价在工程施工投标报价上存在的问题 ··············· 错误！未定义书签。
2.3.3国际上工程造价的确定与我国目前采用形式的差别比较错误！未定义书
签。
2.4工程造价的作用 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。
2.4.1工程造价是项目决策的依据 ········································· 错误！未定义书签。
2.4.2工程造价是制定投资计划和控制投资的依据 ············· 错误！未定义书签。
2.4.3工程造价是筹集建设资金的依据 ································· 错误！未定义书签。
2.4.4工程造价是评价投资效果的重要指标 ························· 错误！未定义书签。
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2.4.5工程造价是利益合理分配和调节产业结构的手段 ··········· 错误！未定义书签。
2.5工程造价在工程项目管理全过程中的实施与控制的必要性 错误！未定义书签。
3．工程造价控制的方法与措施 ···························································· 错误！未定义书签。
3.1工程建设造价管理与控制方法 ················································ 错误！未定义书签。
3.1.1准确编制标底预算，严格公正评定标 ························· 错误！未定义书签。
3.1.1.1制定严密的招标文件 ······················································· 错误！未定义书签。
3.1.2抓好甲供设备、材料投资管理 ····································· 错误！未定义书签。
3.1.3严格办理设计变更签证 ················································· 错误！未定义书签。
3.1.4竣工决算时严格设计变更单的审查 ····························· 错误！未定义书签。
3.1.5抓好项目实施及竣工决算中审计制度的落实 ············· 错误！未定义书签。
3.2工程造价控制的措施 ································································ 错误！未定义书签。
3.2.1投资决策和设计阶段工程造价的控制措施 ················· 错误！未定义书签。
3.2.1.1实行设计方案招标或方案竞选 ······································· 错误！未定义书签。
3.2.1.2推行限额设计 ··································································· 错误！未定义书签。
3.2.1.3价值工程的应用 ······························································· 错误！未定义书签。
3.2.2工程招投标阶段的造价控制措施 ································· 错误！未定义书签。
3.2.3工程实施阶段的造价控制措施 ····································· 错误！未定义书签。
3.2.4竣工决算阶段的工程造价控制措施 ····························· 错误！未定义书签。
4．滨江新区项目造价控制——针对工程量清单的造价控制 ············ 错误！未定义书签。
4.1工程量清单计价方式下的工程造价控制 ································ 错误！未定义书签。
4.2招投标标阶段的工程造价控制 ················································ 错误！未定义书签。
1、建筑形式 ···················································································· 错误！未定义书签。
2、结构设计 ···················································································· 错误！未定义书签。
3．建筑装修 ···················································································· 错误！未定义书签。
4．水电安装 ···················································································· 错误！未定义书签。
(二) 施工现场条件 ·········································································· 错误！未定义书签。
(三) 招标要求 ·················································································· 错误！未定义书签。
二、工程施工总目标 ······································································ 错误！未定义书签。
4.2.1重视招标文件的编制工作 ··················································· 错误！未定义书签。
5．结论 ···································································································· 错误！未定义书签。
6. 实习收获和体会 ·············································································································· - 5 -
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参考文献 ·································································································· 错误！未定义书签。
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6. 实习收获和体会
刚过完年初十单位就打电话通知去实习，我被分到了中国化学工程第六建设有限公司徐州分公司。以前去过徐州，倒也不陌生，怀着激动好奇的心情来到了徐州市的邳州经济开发区，应为单位是工程局性质，所以地方偏远，住在项目不远的一个新农村里，这里的老员工都十分和善，很快也就适应了这里的生活。刚开始我分到了炭黑项目当一名电气技术员，主任给我了一大摞电气图纸，让我先熟悉一下图纸，我看不太懂，因为这些图纸都是关于化工方面的仪器设备，没事我就去问问其他的工程师，向他们学习。因为项目是刚开始开工的，并不忙，没事就到处帮忙，和老员工一起去工地学习实物。学到很多学校没法接触的知识。
只过了一个多星期，分公司的总经理来项目上视察工作，希望我转行做经营预算，于是我正式成了经营部的一员。经营预算对于我来说就得从零开始，先从基本知识开始学起。首先得学会看图纸，算工程量。我从未接触过土建，图纸也是一窍不通，多亏了我们侯姐，耐心教我，先教我看图纸的符号，标高，标注等，给我看3D 模拟图，再带我去工地看实物，运用几何立体思维，慢慢我会算混凝土的工程量。算钢筋是最困难的，我不了解钢筋的捆扎工艺，通过多看照片，再去工地看工人如何捆扎，现在仍在学习。经营部的工作有很多我还得慢慢学习，哪里需要帮忙我就去哪里。资料室的资料员临时有事，我便去临时帮忙，资料的分类、编排、发放等很复杂，不过也好上手。
工作中，我学会了要勤快，不论是在上学还工作，都不能放弃学习，人是在不断地学习中的，要勤快，多和老员工交流，向他们学习经验。工作的环境虽然艰苦，但真正能学到实在的本领。使自己的能力进一步提高，在工作中遇到良人，真的是受益匪浅，真的非常感谢侯姐和经理的照顾，还有其他同事的帮助。在我的成长道路为我指正明路。我会把这此实习作为我人生的起点，在以后的工作学习中不断要求自己，完善自己，让自己做的更好。
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黄河水院自动化工程系毕业论文