完形填空解题技巧
1. 材料特点：是长度大约250个词的记叙文、说明文或议论文，题材内容是传播知识，传递正能量，可读性较强。
2. 唯一考点：要求考生根据上下文信息选出意义符合语境的词，即只考语篇意义之间的衔接或语篇意义的完整，确保上下文语义贯通。
(1)坚持阅读。在阅读中重视语篇意义，消化其中的“生词”，扩大自己的词汇量，
因为完形离不开对语篇意义的理解，对语篇意义的理解离不开词汇，如有过多的生词，就无法理解，也影响阅读的兴趣。词汇是基础的基础，要时刻牢记。
(2) 适量练习。本书为同学们每周准备了两篇完形填空练习，要认真对待，好好利用。每个小题在上下文中都可以找到选择正确答案的依据，请在做题的过程中思考，每个小题是根据上下文中什么信息做出来的。
一、基本做法
1. 略读短文，理解大意
因不考单个词的用法，只考语篇意义，所以在解题前，用略读的方法，跳过空格抓大意就非常重要。
2. 瞻前顾后，试填答案
根据空格前后的信息，找到答案的依据，试着填写答案。建议直接将答案词填入空格，以便检查。注意先易后难，先做有把握的题，遇到一时填不出答案的或者没有把握的，可暂时留着不填。
3. 通读全文，解决难题
结合已填答案，通读全文，根据上下文要语义衔接、上下贯通的原则，着重解决上一步留下的难题。如有时间，还可再次复查，以免出错。
二、解题技巧
1. 从首句入手, 把握体裁和主旨。
一般来说, 高考完形填空题的首句是不挖空的, 且首句中往往含有主题词。因此, 我们应充分利用首句提供的信息, 判断文章的体裁, 预测文章大意。
若首句交代了四个W (when, where, who, what), 那么就是记叙文, 很可能是个故事; 若首句提出或解释说明某种事物, 通常是说明文; 若首句提出一个论点, 则是一篇议论文。因此, 首句为整篇文章的阅读和理解提供了重要的线索, 考生在做题时务必要认真阅读。
2. 从语篇标志词入手, 弄清语篇逻辑。
文中的句子都是按照一定的逻辑关系组织起来的。在做完形填空题时, 如果能充分利用这些语篇标志词, 就可以迅速理清文章的脉络, 弄清上下文的关系。
常见的语篇标志词有: 表示结构层次的: first, second, third, finally等; 表示因果关系的: because(of), due to, therefore, so, as a result等; 表示转折关系的however, yet, but等; 表示让步关系的: although, despite, in spite of, after all等; 表示递进关系的: besides, furthermore, in addition, what is more等。
例如: (2014·山东高考) 25(Unfortunately) , Canadian medical schools did not 26 women students at the time. Therefore, Charlotte went to the United States to study 27(medicine) at the Women’s Medical College in Philadelphia.
26. A. hire B. entertain C. trust D. accept
【解析】选D 。后文提到“因此, Charlotte 去美国学医”, 可知此处强调“加拿大的医学院不接受女学生。”
3. 从词语搭配和习惯用法入手, 积累语言词块。
词块是事先预制好并频繁使用的多个词的组合, 如一些固定搭配、习惯用法等。例如: 动词remind 通常用于remind sb. of sb. /sth. 。这些固定搭配只有在平时学习中认真积累, 做题时才能得心应手, 游刃有余。
例如: (2014·辽宁高考)Several weeks later, when I 49(described) the situation to my friend Ken Hardy, he smiled, “You 50 a classic mistake. You’re stuck 51 your own way of thinking. You didn’t 52(intend) to be late. But that’s not the point.
50. A. knew B. made C. found D. took
【解析】选B 。固定搭配题。make a mistake意为“犯错误”。
51. A. in B. beyond C. for D. against
【解析】选A 。固定搭配题。be stuck in one’s own way of thinking意为“陷入了自己的思维方式之中”, be stuck in意为“陷入”, 为固定搭配。其他介词均不恰当。
4. 从语境入手, 细心辨析词义。
所谓语境, 是指文章上下文的连贯一致, 它包括文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。所以考生在做题时, 一定要从整体上把握文章内容, 区分文章的结构层次和文章的内在逻辑关系, 同时认真比较所给选项, 并从中选出最符合语境的答案。
例如: (2013·江西高考)Diane Ray was completely self-centred and very spoilt. Her parents gave her 36 she wanted, knowing that she would throw a temper tantrum(耍小孩脾气)if they did not. She would scream and kick and 37 on the floor drumming her heels. Her parents always 38 .
36. A. either B. neither C. nothing D. everything
37. A. jump B. lie C. spin D. sleep
38. A. set out B. set in C. gave in D. gave out
【解析】根据文章第一段的语境, 这是在讲一个被宠坏了的孩子, 所以父母会给这个孩子她想要的任何东西(everything), 并且她发脾气时, 又叫又踢, 躺(lie)在地上, 而她的父母总是屈服(give in)。
5. 从文章结构入手, 完善语言结构。
英语文章的结构性很强, 看到文章后首先分析文章的结构, 有利于对文章整体的把握。虽然近年来的完形填空题强调语境及上下文联系, 一再要求淡化语法, 但扎实的语法基础、较强的句子分析能力仍能帮助考生既快速又准确地解题。完形填空常用到的语法知识有: 非谓语动词、平行结构、主谓一致、倒装结构、强调句、从句引导词、动词的搭配等。
例如: (2013·辽宁高考)She could see over the garden fence and across the valley a wonderful house with shining golden windows high on another hill. 37 she loved her parents and her family, she desired to live in such a house and
38(dreamed) all day about how wonderful and exciting 39(it) must feel to live there.
37. A. Unless B. Although C. Since D. But
【解析】选B 。句式结构题。联系上文可知, 此处表示让步关系。虽然她很爱自己的父母和家庭, 但她还是想住进豪华的房子里。
6. 从英语思维入手, 做到“入乡随俗”。
近年来完形填空的命题越来越重视考查英语思维。因此, 平时应多注意掌握一些文化背景知识, 如西方国家的历史、地理、习俗、节日、名人及西方人的工作、生活、学习、餐饮、社交习惯等。此外, 还要多留意与社会及学生生活相关的话题, 如环保、交通、影视、体育等。这些往往能帮助学生更快地融入语境中, 有助于解题。例题（2015新课标2）
Where do you go when you want to learn something? School? A friend? A tutor? These are all 41 places of learning. But it may well be that the learning you really want 42 somewhere else instead.
41. A. public B. traditional C. official D. special
42. A. passes B. works C. lies D. ends I had the 43 of seeing this first hand on a 44 . My daughter plays on a recreational soccer team. They did very well this season and so 45 a tournament, which normally was only for more skilled club teams.
43. A. dream B . idea C. habit D. chance
44. A. trip B. holiday C. weekend D. square
45. A. won B. entered C. organized D. watched This led to some 46 experiences on Saturday as they played against teams 47 trained. Through the first two games, her 48 did not get one serious shot on goal.
46. A. painful B. strange C. common D. practical
47. A. less B. poorly C. newly D. better
48. A. fans B. tutors C. class D. team As a parent, I 49 seeing my daughter playing her best, 50 still defeated. It seemed that something clicked with the 51 between Saturday and Sunday.
49. A. imagined B. hated C. avoided D. missed
50. A. if B. or C. but D. as
51. A. girls B. parents C. coaches D. viewers
When they 52 for their Sunday game, they were 53 different. They had begun to integrate (融合) the kinds of play and teamwork they had 54 the day before into their 55 .
52. A. dressed B. showed up C. made up D. planned
53. A. slightly B. hardly C. basically D. completely
54. A. seen B. known C. heard D. read
55. A. styles B. training C. game D. rules
They played aggressively and 56 scored a goal. It 57 me that playing against
the other team was a great 58 moment for all the girls on the team.
56. A. even B. still C. seldom D. again
57. A. confused B. struck C. reminded D. warned
58. A. touching B. thinking C. encouraging D. learning I think it is a general principle. 59 is the best teacher. The lessons they learned may not be 60 what they would have gotten in school, but are certainly more personal and meaningful, because they had to work them out on their own.
59. A. Experience B. Independence C. Curiosity D. Interest
60. A. harmful to B. mixed with C. different from D. applied to
作者的女儿所在的足球队在和训练有素的对手比赛时，前两场输了, 但这些孩子把比赛的经验融合到了第二天的比赛中, 终于得分了。作者由此得出了“经验是最好的老师”的结论。
41. B 空格前的“School? A friend? A tutor? ”所指的都是传统的(traditional) 我们可以求教的地方。
42. C 根据空格后面的somewhere else instead可知, 句意是“但很可能你真正想要学习的却在(lies)其他某个地方”。
43. D 结合空格后面的seeing this first hand可知作者有机会(chance)亲眼看到这样的事情。
44. C 根据下文中的Saturday 和between Saturday and Sunday这些信息可知, 她们踢球的时间是周末 (weekend)。
45. B 根据空后的a tournament, which normally was only for more skilled club teams 可知, 一般来说只有技术更好的俱乐部球队才能参加(entered)锦标赛。
46. A 结合上下文可知, 她们周末对抗的球队是一些受过更好训练的强队, 因此这给她们带来的肯定是一些痛苦的 (painful) 经历。
47. D 根据上文的more skilled club teams可知, 这些参加锦标赛的球队都是经过更好 (better) 训练的球队。
52. B 根据空后的for their Sunday game 可知, 这是她们在周日比赛露面（showed up ）的时候。
48. D 由空格所在句中的games (比赛) 及shot (射门) 可知, 此处是指她的球队 (team) 表现不佳。
49. B根据下文的playing her best„ still defeated可知, 作者不愿意（hated ）看到女儿尽力踢球但却仍然被打败的情景。
50. C根据前面的playing her best和后面的defeated 可知, 女儿虽然尽力了, 但还是被打败了。前后有转折关系, 故选but 。
51. A 这是一支女子足球队, 因此指那些女孩子（girls ）。
53. D 据上文中的„ something clicked with the„ 可知, 好像这些女孩子们突然领悟到了什么, 这次露面时, 她们完全(completely)不一样了。
54. A根据上下文我们知道, 作者女儿的这个队把昨天她们看到（seen ）的融合到今天的比赛中来了。
55. C根据上文的their Sunday game我们知道, 她们把从对方那里学到的打法和团队
合作精神融合到今天的比赛（game ）中来。
56. A 由空格前的They played aggressively 可知她们富有攻击性地踢球, 甚至(even)得分了。
57. B 因It strikes/struck sb. that„(某人突然想起„„)是固定句式, it是形式主语, 真正的主语是that 引导的从句。这里的strike 可以换成hit 或occur to。
58. D 根据文章首句可知谈论的主要是学习, 作者认为和训练有素的对手进行比赛是这些女孩子们学习（learning ）的良机, 以此紧扣文章主题。
59. A 作者认为和训练有素的对手比赛的经验(experience) 是最好的老师。故选A 。
60. C 句意为“她们学到的经验可能与将在学校得到的并无区别 (different from), 但一定更加个性化, 更有意义, 因为她们必须靠自己来弄清楚”。