2011年英语四级考试语法辅导之倒装句
英语的基本句型是主语 + 谓语。如果将主语与谓语调换， 称倒装句。倒装句分全倒装句和半倒装句。
一、 全倒装： 主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词， 叫全倒装。全倒装有以下三种
情况：
1、当here， there， out， in， up， down等副词放在句首时， 句子需全倒装：
There goes the bell！ 铃响了！ There lived an old man. Here comes the bus.
注意：
①在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词， 像go， come， mush等。
②主语如果是代词时不需倒装如Away he went. 他走远了。
2、方位状语在句首， 如：
In front of the house stopped a police car.
Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.
Under the tree sat a boy.
3 、直接引语在句首， 这种情况可倒装也可不倒装
“What does it mean？” asked the boy或the boy asked.
半倒装： 主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称半倒装， 有以下数种情况：
1. 否定意义的词在句首， 句子半倒装， 例如： little， never， not， no， hardly， rarely， seldom
Never shall I forget you.
At no time was the man aware of what was happening.
Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.
2. 几对并列连词如not only…but also， hardly… when等连接两个并列句， 连词在句首， 前句半倒装， 后句不倒装：
Not only was everything he had taker away from him， but also his German citizenship was taken away.
No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.（注意时态）
注意：
①not only…but also连接两个并列主语时不需倒装， 如：
Not only you but also I like playing chess.
②neither…nor在句首时， 前后两句都需倒装，
Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.
3、only在句首强调状语， 主句半倒装：
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
Only in this way can I learn from my fault.
Only when the war was over in 1918， was he able to get back to work.
注意： only强调主语不倒装：
Only the teachers can use the room.
4、so…that句型， so在句首时， 主句倒装， that从句不倒装：
So easy is it that a clild can learn it.
So hard did he work that he finally won the fame.
I saw the film， so did he.