英语单词记忆八大原则!
凑齐真不容易。英语所有前后缀意思
一.表示否定的前缀 1.dis -加在名词、形容词,动词之前。 disadvantage (缺点)dishonorable (不光彩的)disagree (不同意) 2.in-加在形容词,名词之前 incorrect (不正确的),inability (无能,无力),inaccurate (不准确的) 3.im-加在字母m,b,p 之前 impossible (不顺能的),impolite (不礼貌的),impudence (厚颜无耻) 4.il-加在以1开头的词前 illegal (非法的),illiterate (文盲的,无文化的)illogical (不合逻辑的) 5.ir-加在以r 开头的词前 irregular (不稳定的),irresistable (不可抵抗的),irresolvable (不能分解的,不能解决的) 6.un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前 unfinished (未完成的)undoubted (无疑的)unemployment (失业) 7.non-加在形容词,名词前 non-existence (不存在),non-essential (不主要的),non-electrical (非电的) 8.mis -加在动词、名词之前 misunderstand (误解),misjudge (误判),misleading (误导),misfortune (不幸) 9.dis-加地动词之前 disappear (消失),disarm (解除武装),disconnect (失去联系) 10.de-加在名词,形容词之前 demobilize(遣散;使…复员) decolor (脱色, 漂白) 11.anti-加在名词、形容词之前 anti-Japanese (抗日战争),anti-social (厌恶社会的,反社会的),antidite (解毒药) 12.counter-加在名词、动词前 counterattack (反攻,反击),counteract (抵抗,阻碍)counterrevolution (反革命) 二. 表示“前before”的前缀 1.pre- preconception (成见),pre-exsiting (先于……而存在的),pre-selection (选举前的) preface (前言) 2.Ante- anteroom (前室,接待室),antecessor (先行者,先驱者) 3.Fore- forehaed (前额),foreground (前景),foreman (工头,领班),foresee (预见,先见),foretell (预
言) 4.Pro- programme (计划),prologue (序幕) 5.Ex- ex-president (前任总统)ex-wife (前妻) 三. 表示“后-po st”的前缀 1.post- post-war (战后),post-position (后置词),postmeridian (下午) 四.表示“低”、“下”的前
缀 1.Hypo- Hypocrisy (伪善,虚伪),hypothesis (假设),pypocholoride (次氯酸盐) 2.Infra- Infra-red (红外线),infrahuman (低于人类的),infrasonic (亚声的,次声的) 3.Sub- Sub-editou (副编辑),sub-way (地铁),sub-conscious (下意识的),submarine (海下的),subtropical (亚热带的),subtitle (副标题) 五.表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀 1.Re- Refuel (给…加油),retranslate (再译),reinforce (加强),reconstruct (重建),return (返回) 2.Retro- Retrograde (倒退的),retrospect (回顾) 六.表示“共同”、“和”的前缀 1.Co- co-exist(共存) ,co-operate (合作),co-education (男女同校) 七.表示“相互”、“之间”的前
缀 1.Inter- Interchangeble (可互换的),interdipendert (互相依靠的),international (国际的),inter-national (交往) 八. 表示“出”、“超出”的前缀 1.Ec- Eclipse (蚀),ecstasy (狂想) 2.Extra- Extraordinary (非凡的),extramural (校外的),extrasensory (超感觉的) 九. 表示“超过”的前缀 1.hyper-, preter-, super-, sur-, ultra- hyper-sensitive (过敏的),preterhuman (超人的) 十.其它的前缀 1.auto-自 automatic (自动的),auto-autobilgraphy (自传) 2.mal-坏,恶 Malnutrition (营养不良),maltreat (虐待) 3.Micro- Microscope (显微镜),microtome (切片机) 4.Tele-远 Telegram (电报),telephone (电话),telescope (望远
镜) 5.Demi-,semi-hemi- Semi-circle (半圆),hemisphere (半球),demilune (半月,新月) 6.Uni-, mono-(单一, 单独) Monotone (单调),monologue (独白),uniform (制服) 7.Bi-,di-二 Biyearly (二年一次的),biweekly (二周一次的),dichloride (二氯化物) 8.Tri-三 Triangle (三角),tripld (三角架) 9.Multi-多 multi-colored (颜色多样的),multi-national (多国的) 10.Poly –多 Polygon(多角形) ,polytomic(多原子的) 11.Arch -首领 archbishop (大主教),architect (建筑师) 12.bene-善,好 benefit (利益),benevolence (善意) 13.homo-同 homosexual (同性恋的),homograph (同形异义字) 14.neo
新 neo-colonialism(新殖民主义) ,neolithic (新石器时代的) 15.ortho-正确,直 orthogonal (直角的),orthodox (正统) 16.philo-挚爱 philosopher (哲学家) 17.proto-原始 protohydrogen (初氢),prototype (原型),protoplasm (原生质) 18.pseudo-假的, 伪的, 冒充的 pseudonym (匿名),pseudo-communism (假共产主义) 19.a-,ab-,abs-(只有在t,c 之前)从,自 avoid (避免),absent (缺少的),abstain (抑制),abstract (吸引) 20.Apo-,aph-来自 apology (道歉,谢罪),apostle (倡言者,先驱) 21.se-分离 separation (分开),secure (安全的),sedition (煽动叛乱) 22.para-防 parachute (降落伞), 23.omni-所有的,公共的 omnibus (公共汽车),omnipotence (万能) 24.pan-全,泛 Pan-American (全美的),pancean (万灵药),panorama (风景的全貌; 万花筒) 25.panto-全 pantisocracy (乌托邦大同世界),pantoscopic (视野广大) 26.dia-通过,借以 diagonal (对角的),diagnosis (诊断),dialogue (对话) 27.Per-通过,彻底,不利 perambrlate (走来走去),perfect 极好的 28.trans-通过,横过 transcript (抄本, 副本; 记录),translation (翻译),trxnsparent (透明的),transport (运输),trans-plant (移植) 29.Com-,con-,cor-,col-共同,和,完全 comment (评论),compile (编辑),correlation (相互关系),collect (收集),corruption (贪污腐败),collaborate (合作,合著) 30.syn-共同 synonym (同义词),synchronization (同步),syntonic (谐振的),synthetic (人工的,合成的) 31.meta-和,在……之后 metaphor (比喻),metaphysics (形而上学) 32.Cis-在这一边 cisatlantic (大西洋这边的) 33.pen-几乎,相近 peninsular (. 住在半岛上的居民, 半岛(状) 的, 形成半岛的) 34.en-,em-往……里,使…… encamp (扎营),enable(使……能) ,endear (使……受喜爱),embrace (拥抱, 抓住(机会) ) 35.intro 内在 intracardiac (心脏内部的),intramolecular (分子内部的),intracelular (细胞内部的) 36.intro-到……中 introduce (介绍),introspect (反省,内省) 37.dys-坏 dyspepsia (消化不良),dysentry (痢疾) 38.Eu-优,美好 eulogy (颂词),euphony (悦耳的声音) 39.ambi-,amphi-两者 amphibian (两栖的),ambidextrous (两只手都很灵巧的; 心怀二意的; 非常灵巧的) 40.penta-
五 pentagon (五角大楼),pentagram (五角星),pentameter (五步诗句) 41.sex-
六 sexangle (六角),sexennial (六年一度的) 42. sept-七 September 九月(古罗马的七月),septennial (七年一度) 43.hepta-七 heptab (七个成套之物),heptagon (七角形) 44.octa-,octo,oct 八 octagon (八角形),octuple (八倍)October (十月) 45.nona-,ennea-九 nonagon (九角形),ennead (九个一组) 46.deci-,deca-
十 decimal (十进位的),decagramme (十克) 47.centi-百 centimeter (厘米),centipede (蜈蚣) 48.milli-千 millenias (千年的),millimeter (毫米) 49.Kilo-千 kilowatt (千瓦),kilometer (千米) 后缀 1.-ster ,-eer ,-er (or )意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester ,gangster ,songster ,engineer ,profiteer ,mountaineer ,auctioneer ,driver ,teacher ,
director ,actor ,professor 2.-let 意为:小或者不重要的东西(small ,unimportant things)例词:booklet ,leaflet ,starlet 3.-ette 意为:1)小的东西(small )例词:cigarette 2)假的东西(imitation )例词:leatherette 3)女性(female )例词: usherette 4.-ess 意为:女性(female )例词:actress ,poetess ,hostess ,paintress 5.-hood 意为:时期(status ;etc .)例词:boyhood ,childhood ,manhood 6.-ship 意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill ,state ,condition ,status ,quality )例词:leadership ,friendship ,membership ,lectureship ,sportsmanship 7.-ful 意为:量(the amount which noun contains )例词:cupful ,handful , mouthful ,spoonful 8.-tion ,-ion 意为:1)状态,行动等(state ;action ;etc .)例词:action ,oppression ,possession ,education ,starva- tion 2)机构等(institution ;etc .)例词: organization ,foundation 9.-ment 意为:状态,行动等(state ; action ;etc .)例词:movement ,enslavement ,pavement 10.-al 意为:动作(action )例词:arrival ,refusal ,revival ,recital ,removal 11.-age 意为:程度,数量等(extent ; amount ;etc .)例词:wastage ,coverage , acreage ,shrinkage ,breakage ,hostage 12.-ness ;-ity (ty )意为:状态,品质(state ;quality ;etc .)例词:happiness , usefulness ,selfishness ,kindness ,rapidity ,activity ,sanity ,
changeability 13.-ism 意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of)例词:idealism , impressionism ,absenteeism ,racism 二、动词后缀 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1.-ify 意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify , diversify ,simplify 2.-ize ;-en 意为:使……,变得……(to make or become ;to make into)例词:modernize ,popularize ,legalize ,hospitalize ,symbolize ,ripen ,widen ,heighten ,threaten 3.-ate 意为:增加,使……(give or add,make or become)例词:originate , hydrogenate ,validate ,differentiate 三、形容词后缀: 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1.-ful 意为:充满,有(full of;hav- ing;giving ;etc .)例词:useful ,pitiful , hopeful ,helpful ,forgetful ,thankful , fearful 2.-less 意为:没有,无(without ;not giving )例词:speechless ,childless ,harmless ,hopeless ,meaningless 3.-ly 意为:有……品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastly ,manly , brotherly ,friendly 4.-like 意为:像……的(like )例词: childlike ,statesmanlike ,tiger-like 5.-y ;-ish 意为:像……一般的(somewhat like)例词:meaty ,sandy , silky ,hairy ,leafy ,watery ,foolish ,girlish ,blackish ,thinnish 6.-some 意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like ;causing ; having the quality of)例词:troublesome ,burdensome ,wholesome ,tiresome ,bothersome 7.-able (ible )意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable )例词: changeable ,readable ,drinkable ,comfortable ,expansible ,convincible 8.-ed 意为:有……的(having ,etc .)例词:wooded ,pointed ,moneyed , odd-shaped 9.-al 意为:有……属性的,……类型的(nature of,typical of)例词:cultural ,personal ,regional ,musical 10.-ary (ory )意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belonging to;connected with)例词:revolutionary ,imaginary , contradictory 11.-ous 意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(full of;having the quality of;like )例词:glorious ,erroneous ,malicious ,gracious 12.-ic (ical )意为:……类的;属于……的(typical of;belonging to)例词: historic ,historical ,methodic ,methodical ,dramatic ,heroic 13.-ive 意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例词:attractive , talkative ,restrictive ,defensive ,preventive ,constructive ,sensitive 四、副词后缀 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1.-ly 意为:以……方式(in a...manner;etc .) 例词:happily , boldly ,attentive- ly,strangely 2.-ward (s )意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onward (s ),backward (s ),earthward
(s ),homeward (s ),eastward (s ) 3.-wise 意为:1)按照……方式(in the manner of )例词:crabwise ,clockwise2)就……而言(as far as ...is concerned)例词:
weatherwise ,educationwise 有一个原因的单音节词,结尾只有一个单音辅音,在加以元音后缀是,要双写这个辅音.例词:run + er = runner hit + ing = hitting