宾语从句就是一个句子在复合句中作动词或介词的宾语.
宾语从句应注意以下三要素：引导词 语序 时态
一 宾语从句的引导词
1. 由that引导陈述意义的宾语从句时，它无实义，常省略。例如：
She says ________ she will leave a message.
她说她将留言。
2由连词if/whether (是否)引导一般疑问句意义的宾语从句。其意义是“是否 ”
例如：
He asked me if/whether I could speak English. 他问我是否会说英语。
I wonder if/whether he is a teacher. 我想知道他是否是一名教师。
3. 由连接代词（what, which, who, whom, whose）或连接副词（how, where, when, why）引导特殊疑问句意义的宾语从句。例如：
I can't understand _________ you said. 我不能理解你说的话。
He wanted to know __________ the building would be set up.
他想知道这座楼房何时建成。
即学即用
选择正确答案填空。
① I don't know ___ Tom will go or not. A. what B. whether C. how D. where
② I wonder ___ they'll come here with tomorrow. A. whetherB. whenC. who D. how
③ He said ____ his friends asked him to the party. A. that B. if C. where D. who
注意以下几点
1 that不能省略的情况：
若出现两个或两个以上的that宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词that可以省去，其余保留。如：
My aunt said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her daughter. 我姑姑说她要来，还要带她的女儿来。
2 只能用whether, 不能用if:
● 当or not 紧随连词之后时。如：
I don't know whether or not he will come on time. 我不知道他能否按时来。
● 从句用作介词宾语时。如：
I am interested in whether he joined the army. 我对他是否入伍很感兴趣。
● 在带to的动词不定式前。如：
She doesn't know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home. 她不知道是去看电影还是在家看电视。
● 当宾语从句移至句首表强调时。如：
Whether this is true or not, I'm not sure. 这是否真实，我不敢肯定。
3：由连接代词，连接副词引导的宾语从句的主语与主句的主语（或宾语）相同时，可替换为“疑问词 + to do”
例如： I haven’t decided where I will go.
=I haven’t decided where to go.
类似短语：how to do, what to say, what to do , where to go,
二 宾语从句的语序
在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句都需要“连接词 + 陈述句”的陈述句语序，其标点符号由主句来决定。例如：
Tell me which you want. 告诉我你想要哪一个。
I don't know why you were late. 我不知道你为什么迟到了。
[注意] 由连接代词作主语的宾语从句，需用“连接代词 + 谓语 + 其它。”例如： Do you know who can come here earliest? 你知道谁能来到这儿最早吗？
I don't know what made him think so. 我不知道什么使他这样想。
即学即用
选择正确答案填空。
① —— Do you know ____?
—— Next year.
A. when he came here B. when did he come here
C. when he will come here D. when will he come here
按括号内的要求，改写下列句子，每空一词。
② He asked me, "where do you come from?" (改为同义句)
He asked me where ____ ____ from.
③ What have you done with the milk? I asked her. (合并为一个句子)
三 宾语从句的时态
主句与宾语从句的时态关系有以下 三种情况：
1. 若主句用了现在时，则宾语从句可用其所需要的任何时态。例如：
I think he often _________ books. ( read ) 我认为他经常读书。
I think he ____________ here tomorrow. ( come) 我认为明天他会来这儿。
He says that they ___________ in Tokyo yesterday. (arrived )他说他们昨天到达了东京。 I'm sure that Linda ____________ there before. ( be ) 我确信琳达以前去过那儿。
2. 若主句用了过去时，则宾语从句需用过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）的某种形式。例如：
He said he ______ right. ( be ) 他说他是正确的。
He said he ___________ TV at that time. ( watch) 他说在那时他正在看电视。
Tom told me that he ___________ to Mount Tai. ( travel ) 汤姆告诉我他将去泰山旅游。
3. 若宾语从句陈述的是客观真理、客观事实、科学原理、格言、谚语等，则不受主句时态的限制，通常用一般现在时。例如：
The teacher told us that the earth _____ round the sun.( move) 老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
He said one and one _______ two. ( be) 他说一加一等于二。
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用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
① Yesterday our physics teacher _____ (tell) us that light _____ (travel) much faster than sound.
② My brother said he ___________ (post) that letter already.
③ He says his parents __________ (leave) for France three days ago.
四 宾语从句的否定转移
1. 宾语从句的否定转移
若“I (We) think / believe / suppose / guess + 宾语从句。”这一结构中的宾语从句需要否定时，则否定形式需转移到主句的谓语；若主句的谓语是除think, believe, suppose, guess 之外的其它动词，宾语从句需否定时，否定形式不能转移到主句的谓语, 直接否定宾语从句的谓语。例如：
I don't think he's been abroad. 我认为他没出过国。
We all know that he isn't a teacher. 我们都知道他不是一名教师。
2．反意疑问句的构成
含宾语从句的复合句在构成反意疑问句时，若 主句为I think / , believe /, suppose /, guess时，则附加疑问句部分的主语和谓语动词需与宾语从句呼应。若主句不是I think / , believe / suppose /, guess时, 则附加疑问句部分的主语和谓语动词需与主句呼应。例如:
I believe you can pass the maths exam, can't you? 我相信你数学考试能及格，是不是？
He thinks we missed the early bus, doesn't he? 他认为我们错过了早班车，是不是？ Kate didn't say that Jim was wrong, did she? 凯特没说吉姆错了，是吗？
即学即用
选择正确答案填空。
① I don’t think chickens can swim, ______?
A. do I B can I C. do they D. can they
② Mary said her mother was a teacher and _____ her father was a driver.
A. that B. / C. if D. A or B
按括号内的要求，改写下列句子，每空一词。
③ He hasn't learned this text, I think. （改为同义句）
I ____ think he ____ learned this text.
五、一些动词接的宾语从句通常要用虚拟语气：
一般说来，在一些表示坚持(insist)，命令(order，command)，建议(suggest，advise)，要求(require，demand) 等动词之后的宾语从句中，谓语一般要用“should +动词原形”（其中的should在美国英语中常省略，但是引导从句的that通常不省略）：
例如：① She suggested that we (should) leave early．
② He ordered that the medicine (should) be sent by a special plane．
练习：选择填空
1. A computer can only do _____ you haveinstructed it to do．
A．how B．after C．what D．when
2. ---Do you remember _____ he came?
---Yes，I do，he came by car．
A．how B．when C．that D．if
3. I’m sorry that I ____ you were here.
A. didn’t know B. don’t know
C. won’t know D. can’t know
4. He asked _______ for the violin.
A．did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C．how much did I pay D．how much I paid
5. I’m interested in _____ or not he is coming.
A. whether B. if C. when D. why
6. Can you make sure ______ the gold ring?
A．where Alice had put B．where had Alice put
C．where Alice has put D．where has Alice put ．
7. ---I believe we've met somewhere before.
---No，_____ .
A．it isn't the same B．can't be true
C．I don't think so D．I'd rather not
8. ---Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend？
--- _______ ．
A．I don't believe B．I don't believe it
C．I believe not so D．I believe not
9. The guard at the gate insisted that everyone ____ the rules．
A．obeys B．obey C．will obey D．would obey
10. He said that no one knew ___ with him.
A. what is the matter B. what was the matter
C. what the matter is D. what the matter was
11. Alice wanted to know ____ her grandma liked the dog.
A. that B. if C. which D. what
12. Can you tell us ____ ?
A. where have you gone B. where have you gone
C. where you have been D. where have you been
13. Do you still remember ____ ?
A. that he said B. what he said
C. did he say that D. what did he say
14. The weather here changes very often and we can’t tell ____ it will be like tomorrow.
A. that B. how C. what D. whether
15. Do you know___ from Wuhan to Xi’an ?
A. how far it is B. how far is it
C. how long it is D. how long is it
16. Could you tell me ____?
A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in
17. I don’t know ____ bought the present for me. Is it Jack?
A. which B. who C. whose D. what
18. Could you show us ____ a bike ?
A. how to mend B. what to buy
C. where to go D. how many to buy
19. I don’t know ____ Jane was late for school this morning.
A. who B. what C. whom D. why
20. ---Do you remember ____ he came here?
---Yes, I do. He came here at 8:00.
A. that B. if C. how D. when
21. Mike said he ___ a cold for a few days.
A. has caught B. had caught
C. has had D. had had
22. I don’t know if he ____ here. If he ____, I’ll tell you.
A. will come, comes B. comes, will come
C. comes , comes D. will come, will come
23. Could you tell me ____ best?
A. which one you like B. which one do you like
C. do you like which one D. you like which one
24. The teacher told the children that the earth ____around the sun.
A. moves B. moved C. had moved D. was moving
25. Nobody knows which factory _____.
A. does he work B. he works
C. does he work in D. he works in
答案：
1-5 CAADA 6-10 CCDBD 11-15 BCBCA
16-20 BBADD 21-25 DAAAD
2,3,8,9,10,21,22