P19
重点单词扩充讲解：
1. organizational: a 组织上的
由此我们可以联想到：organize: v 组织； organization: n 组织； organizer: n 组织者
请看下列习题，选择该组词里恰当的词填空：
1). Last week, our school ________ a spring outing.
2). The task calls for the highest _________ skill.
3). China has joined World Trade __________.
4). He is the __________ of the speech contest.
Answers: organized, organizational, Organization, organizer
2. objective: n 目标； a 客观的，反义词subjective: 主观的
3. predict: v 预言、预示；
由此我们可以联想到：prediction: n 预言； predictable: a 可预测的； predictor: n 预言家
4. simplify: v 简化
由此我们可以联想到：simple: a 简单的； simply: ad 简单地，仅仅地； simplification: n 简化； simplified: a 被简化的。
Exercises for the above words:
1). The machine is _____ in operation but complex in structure.
2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in the original is beyond our capacity while ____ edition is quite easy.
3). There is no point in arguing about it, because it is _______ a question of procedure.
4). The ______ of working process freed the workers fro heavy labor.
Answers: simple; simplified; simply; simplification
5. tendency: n 趋势、倾向；tend : v 倾向于…， tend to do sth
e.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter. Or old people tend to get fatter.
6. managerial: a 经理的、经营上的；
由此我们可以联想到：manage: v管理、经营； management: n; manager: n 经营者，管理者； manageable: a 可管理的、可经营的。
7. argue: v 争辩、争论，常用固定搭配：argu with sb about/over sth由于某事而同某人争论； argue sb into doing sth说服某人做某事； argue sb out of doing sth说服某人不要做某事。
e.g. 1>. The young couple always argue with each other
over their child’seducation.
2>. I argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey.
8. define: v 给…下定义； definition: n 定义
9. profitability: n 赚钱， 获利
由此我们可以联想到：profit: n 利润； profitable: a 有利可图的, 有好处的；
profitless: a 没有利润的。
1). He has made a _____ from running a small restaurant.
2). The deal was ______ to all of us.
3). They valued _______ differently, which led to disagreement as to the correctness of decision.
Answer: profit, profitable; profitability.
10. correctness: n 正确性； 字根：correct: a 正确的； v 纠正， correction: n 纠正； incorrect: a 不正确的。
11. unintended: a 非计划中的，
由此我们可以联想到：intend: v 打算，计划；intention: n ； intended: a 计划中的
重点单词、词组详讲
1. interview: n/v 采访、面试；interviewer: n 采访者； interviewee: n 被采访者
e.g. 1>. Who's the most famous person you've ever interviewed on TV?
2>. In a TV interview last night, she denied she had any intention of resigning.
2. criticism: n 批评，评论； criticize: v 批评； critical: a 批评的、挑剔的、关键的；critic: n 评论家, 请填填看。 1> He is a literary ___ critic ___.
2> We are at a _____ critical __time in our history. 3> He can't take ___ ____.
4> The boy was ______ by his father for being late for school.
Answers: critic, critical, criticism, criticized
3. indifference: n 冷漠、漠不关心；indifferent: a 冷漠的，反义词：enthusiastic: 热情的cf: different: a 不同的，名词：difference; 反义词：same.
4. inefficiency: n 无效，由此联想得到：
efficient: a 高效率的； efficiency: n inefficient: a 低效率的
5. conservative: a 保守的、保存的； conserve: v 保存； conservation: n
6. apply to sb for sth: 向某人申请某物
e.g. The student applied to the embassy for a visa.
7. take the trouble to do sth: 不辞劳苦、费力地做某事 e.g. If you took the trouble to listen to what I was saying, you'd know what I was talking about.
8. put oneself in somebody's place: 设身处地…
If you put yourself in your mother's place, you will understand why she is so worried about you.
9. in hand: 手头上有，进行中
I've got enough money in hand to buy a new car.
10. turn down: 调小，降低，拒绝
Turn down the TV, for the baby is sleeping.
He turned down the job because the pay isn't good enough.
Learn new words and phrases
1. astronomer: n 天文学家；astronomy: n 天文学
2.explode: v 爆炸,由此联想：explosive: a 爆炸性的/n 炸药；explosion: n 爆炸
1). When the bomb______, many people were seriously wounded.
2). The unexpected ________ frightened the little girl.
3). It might be possible to convert _____ energy into heat. Answers: exploded, explosion, explosive
3. density: n 密度；联想产生：dense: a 密度大的，反义词：sparse;
densely: ad高密度地；densely-populated人口稠密的；sparsely-populated人口稀疏的
1). The ____ fog kept the travelers from finding the correct direction.
2). The business area of the city is _____ populated.
3). This liquid has a much greater ____ than water. Answers: dense, densely, density
4. shrink: v 收缩、退缩、缩水
1). As a result of careless washing, the jacket has shrunk to a child's size.
2).The girl shrinks at the sight of blood.
5. measurement: n 衡量、测量；
由此联想：measure: n措施/v 衡量、测量；measurable: a 可衡量的，可测量的
1). We must take _____ to protect our environment.
2). We have come within ______ distance of success.
3). Clocks give us a ______ of time.
4). There the rainfall is ______ not in inches but in feet. Answers: measures, measurable, measurement, measured
6.implication: n 含义、暗示；imply: v 暗示
7. basis: n 基础、根据，
由此可以联想得到：base: n 底部；v 以…为底，为根据；basic: a 基础的，根本的；
basically: ad 根本上来说,
1). If you want to improve your English, you must have a solid ______.
2). The furniture of out dorm is really _____: two beds, two chairs and tables.
3). The charges are false for they are not ______ on proven facts.
4). Since no better plan can be worked out, we have to adopt the ____ workable one.
Answers: basis, basic, based, basically
8. observatory: n 天文台；由此可以联想得到：
observe: v 观察；observation: n 观察；observer: n 观察家
9. convincing: a 有说服力的，使人信服的；convince: v 使人信服；convinced: a 感到有说服力的，常见搭配：convince sb of sth; convince sb that
1). He gave us a convincing speech.
2). He convinced me of his sincerity.
10. operate: v 运转、操作、动手术；operation : n 手术，
操作；operator: 操作者
11. research into对…进行研究
She is researching into possible cures for AIDS.
12. swallow up: 吞没、耗尽
Many small businesses have been swallowed up by large companies.
13. apply to sb/sth：适用于某人/某事，请对比：
apply to sb for sth向某人申请某事；apply A to B将A 应用于B
1). You should apply what you have learned to your work.
2). I applied to him for a new job.
3). The study method doesn't apply to everyone
Learn new words and phrases
1. revolve: v 旋转，常见搭配关系为：revolve around sb/sth围绕…转。
She spends all of her time revolving around her family. The earth revolves around the sun.
2. solar: a 太阳的，日光的
solar energy太阳能；solar system太阳系；solar month阳历月
3. concerned: a 有关的、担心的
Her job is something concerned with computer.
He is concerned about the result of the exam.
4. colored: a 有色的，对比；colorful: a 丰富多彩的 I like orange-colored coat.
Everybody likes colorful life.
5. religion: n 宗教，religious: a 虔诚的；
请对比：region: n 地区；regional: a 地区的
6. circumstance: n 情况、境遇；
Under no circumstances can we waste time.
7. a great many = a number of = many很多，修饰复数名词。而a great deal of + u.n
A great many students are absent today.
I have wasted a great deal of time.
8. above all: 首先、首要
After the war, he longed above all to see his wife and family.
9. as a rule: 通常、一般而言
As a rule, I only watch sports news.
Learn new words and phrases
1. weaken: v 削弱、减弱，字根：weak: a 虚弱的 构词形式：adj/n + en或en + adj/n = v
Shorten, enlarge, enable, enrich, loosen, tighten etc.
2. nationwide: a 全国范围的，通过该词我们可以得到：worldwide:全世界范围的，region wide, etc.
3.legal: a 合法的，反义词：illegal,不合法的；legalize: v 使…合法化。
The Netherlands became the first country to legalize euthanasia.
4. ensure: v 确保、担保，常见用法如下：
1). The police can ensure the witness from danger.
2). We can ensure that the work will be done in the right way.
5. oppose: v 反对、对抗；名词：opposition , 形容词：opposed
1). What he said was totally opposed to the facts.
2). Many people oppose building a new highway because of the great cost.
6. tradition: n 传统，由此可以联想到：
traditional: a; traditionally: ad; 反义词为：modern
1). _____ Chinese medicine is believed to be effective for many diseases.
2). It's important to keep up the fine ____ of plain living and hard work.
3). Christmas is ____ a holiday for a family to get
together.
Answers: Traditional, tradition, traditionally
7. consideration: n 考虑、体谅、照顾，由此可以联想到： Consider: v 考虑；considerate: a 体谅的，be considerate of; considerable: a 相当多的。请练习一下：
1). Losing 30 pounds changed her appearance _____.
2). It is very ____ of you to send me a birthday card.
3). The matter is receiving the serious ____ of the manager.
4). He left behind him a ____ amount of debt.
Answers: considerably, considerate, consideration, considerable
8. disabled: a 残疾的，伤残的，由此可以联想到： able: a 有能力的；be able to do sth; unable: a 没有能力的；enable: v 使人能够enable sb to do sth; ability: n 能力；disable: v 使人残疾
1). As long as they are physically ____, they tend to live on their own.
2). The _____ to be clearly heard is extremely important for any speaker.
3). I'd like to go to the cinema, but I'm _____ to.
4). Education should ____ every student to develop
morally, intellectually and physically.
5). A car accident ____ him from playing football.
6). Special care should be given to the ______.
Answers: able, ability, unable, enable, disabled(v), disabled(a)
9. prohibition: n 禁止、禁令，prohibit: v prohibit sb from doing sth;
10. sensitive: a 敏感的， be sensitive to sb/sth; 同根词：sensible: a 明智的，be sensible of sth
1). I am sensitive to your criticism.
2). It's sensible of you to make such a decision. Learn new words and phrases
1．statistics: n 统计数字；keep statistics; statistical: a 统计的；statistician: n 统计员
2. diplomat: n 外交家，由此联想得到：
diplomacy: n 外交，外交手腕；diplomatic: a 外交的；请对比：diploma: 文凭
3. exploit: v 开发、开采、剥削，由此联想得到：
exploitable: a 可开发的；exploited: a 被开发的；exploitation : n
1). The workers in capitalist countries are cruelly
exploited by the capitalists.
2). There are laws against the exploitation of child labor.
3). His highly exploitable talent can't create wealth for society if he doesn't make great efforts.
4. abuse: v/n 滥用，如: abuse one's authority 滥用职权
5. execute: v 实行、执行，将…处死，由此联想得到： executive: a执行的，决策权的，n 行政领导 CEO=chief executive officer首席执行官；execution: n 执行、实行。
1). You shouldn't be slow in the _____ of your duties.
2). The soldiers ____ the captain's orders as soon as they received the call.
3). After the discussion of the ____ committee, the labor law was put into force in may, 1994.
Answers: execution, executed, executive
6. guilt: n 有罪、内疚；guilty: a 内疚的；guiltless: a 无罪的
7. employee: n 雇员；由此联想得到：
employ: v 雇佣；employment: n 雇佣；employed: a 被雇的，有工作的；unemployed: a 失业的；employer: n 雇主
1). The police ______ force to break up the crowd.
2). Many ____ were thrown out of job as a result.
3). Business activities were greatly reduced and almost
60% of the workers were out of ______.
4). During the Depression, many workers were ______. Answers: employed, employees, employment, unemployed
8. immigrant: a 移民的，n 移民；immigrate: v ; immigration: n
1). During the gold rush, California attracted many immigrants from other states.
2). Many Italians immigrated to the United States and Canada.
3). In the 1980s, a law against the immigration of Asian peoples was put into practice.
9. deport: v 驱逐出境，由此联想得到：
port: 港口；import:进口；export:出口；airport:空港；passport:通行证，护照
10. be deserving of 值得、应得
His efforts are certainly deserving of praise.
New words from text B
11. deny : v 否认，拒绝接受，后接doing.
He denied lying to us.
12. ineffective: a无效的，反义词：effective.
13. watch over: 看护、看管。
They use specially trained dogs to watch over their sheep at night.
14. in unison: 一致地，协调地
They sang Happy Birthday to me in unison.
15. pay back: 偿还，报复，回报
1). If you lend me 50 Yuan, I will pay you back on Friday.
2). I'll pay him back for the trick he played on me.
Key words and phrases
1. musician : n 音乐家，与其同根的常见词汇：music : n 音乐；musical : a 音乐的， musically : adv 从音乐上来说的。 Please do the exercises:
1). The ____ of the Beatles became very successful and famous during the 1960s.
2). Although he was born in America, he could play many Chinese ____ instruments.
3). Folk music, the blues and rock'n'roll remained _____ and culturally distinct in the 1960s.
4). Bob Dylan, a famous folk ____ in America, was best known for his anti-war song.
Answers: music, musical, musically, musician
2. consciousness: n 意识、知觉，与其同根的常见词汇：
conscious: a 有知觉的、有意识的 = aware，反义词：unconscious = unaware; 副词：consciously, unconsciously。 常用搭配：be aware/unaware of sth; be aware/unaware that.
1). I was ____ that I had made a mistake.
2). ____ did not return to the injured man for two hours.
3). When a person immigrates to a new country, he should ______ adapt himself to the new environment.
Answers: conscious, consciousness, consciously
3. originate: v 发源、发生,与其同根的常见词汇：origin : n 起源、发源； original : a 原始的，新颖的；n 原著、原稿， originality : n 创新、创造力
1). The use of steam originated many new reforms.
2). I wonder the origins of life on the earth.
3). The Indians were the original inhabitants of North America.
4). The quarrel originated in conflicts between the two families.
5). Her design is of great originality.
4. imitator: n 模仿者，联想：imitate: v 模仿；imitation : n 模仿
5. limitless : a 无限制的，与其同根的常见词汇：limit : n 极限，v 限定；limited ; a 有限的，limitation: n 局限
1). His knowledge about insurance is rather ______.
2). His energy seems to have no ____.
3). A wise man knows his ____.
4). In front of the ____ ocean, he found he was rather insignificant.
Answers: limited, limits, limitation, limitless.
6. penetrating: a 穿透的，贯穿的，动词：penetrate; 名词：penetration
7. participant: n 参加者，参与者，与其同根的常见词汇：participate: v, participation : n 固定搭配：participate in sth.
8. take over: 接管、接任、
When he retired, his son took over business from him.
9. take on : 担任，雇用
1). He has taken on a new job.
2). The employer takes on twenty more workers. Text B:
10). composer: n 作曲家，动词 compose，名词 composition
11). inspire: v 鼓舞，产生灵感，inspiration : n 灵感 Genius is 1% of inspiration and 99% of hard work.
12. invariably: ad 不变地，同根词：variable: a 可变的；
variety: n 各种各样，变化； vary : v 变化；various : a 各种各样的
13. sake : n 缘故；for the sake of sth为了…的缘故，好处
The company has decided for economy's sake to close down this department.
14. harmony : n 协调， harmonize: v使…和谐；harmonious : a 和谐的
15. in a sense: 从某种意义上说。
In a sense, you are right.
16. it goes without saying that不言而喻，理所当然
It goes without saying that you will be paid for the overtime work.
Key words and phrases
1. efficiency : n 效率，其他同根词：efficient: a 高效率的；inefficient: a 效率低的；inefficiency : n; effective: a 有效果的
1). He has done much to increase the ____ of English teaching.
2). She is very _____ in reducing waste.
3). His ____ study method caused his failure.
4). The city government took some _____ measures to reduce unemployment.
Answers: efficiency, efficient; inefficient, effective
2. increasingly: ad不断增加地， 由此可以联想到： increase：v 增加; increasing: a 不断增加的; decrease: v减少；
1). Drinking and smoking among young people _____ to an alarming extent.
2). The truth is becoming ______ apparent.
3). The ____ friendly relations between the two countries strengthen the cultural exchanges between them.
3. prevalent: a 流行的，普通的 = popular
4. calculator : n 计算者，计算器，calculate: v 计算；calculation : n 计算; calculating: a 诡计多端的
5. expose: v 使暴露，揭露，揭发，exposure: n; expose sb to sth让某人接触。。。
6. completion: n 完成、结束，由此可以联想到：
complete: v完成，a 完整的，completeness: n 完整；incomplete: a 不完整的
1). He ____ denied the existence of god.
2). He has never ____ a project on time.
3). Money will be paid half in advance and half on
_______.
4). When will the new railway ________?
7). intensity : n 强烈、剧烈，由此可以联想到：
intense = strong: a 强烈的, intensive: a 密集的，加强的；intensify: v 加强；intension: n 强烈、紧张。
1). We should ____ the struggle for peace.
2). There are few strong situations or moments of dramatic ______.
3). They have been receiving a four-day ____ training course.
4). They kept working in the ____ heat.
Answers: intensify, intensity, intensive, intense
8. defective : a 有缺点的，defect: n 缺点
9. assemble: v 集合、装配； assembly: n 装配
10. expose sth/sb to sth:暴露，面临、遭受
1). People often expose their skin to the sun in summer.
2). I won't expose my soldiers to such unnecessary risks.
11. in that: 在于，因为
1). I like the country better in that it is closer to nature.
12. in question: 正被谈论的，正被考虑的(通常放在被修饰名词后面)
We know nothing about the plan in question.
Key words and phrases
1.warning: n 警告，warn : v 警告，warn sb not to do sth; give sb a warning
2.shift: v/n 替换，转移，改变，转变，轮班
1).There has been a shift in fashion from formal to more informal dress.
2).The wind shifted from east to north.
3).She works the day shift and her husband works the night shift.
3.speculate: v 思索、推测，speculate on/upon/about sth, speculation: n, speculator: n
4.datum: n 资料、数据，复数形式：data; 又如：bacterium: 细菌，bacteria;
medium, media.
5.reliability: n 可靠性，reliable: a 可靠的， unreliable: a 不可靠的
6.partial: a 偏袒的，部分的，be partial to sb.
7.up-to-date: a 最新的，out of date: 过时的，to date: 至今
1).Will long dress go out of date next year?
2).To date, we have not received any replies from him.
3).She always wears clothes that are right up to date.
8.analyze: v 分析，analysis: n， 复数形式：analyses.
9.work on:从事…； 对…有影响
1).The scientist has been working on environmental protection for many years.
2).The sufferings of the poor worked on our feelings so much that we gave them all the help we could.
10.set sth up:设立、建立、提出
1).A statue was set up in the center of the city.
2).Many countries agreed to set up an international organization to keep peace.
3).Einstein set up many important theories.
Key words and phrases
1. efficiency : n 效率，其他同根词：efficient: a 高效率的；inefficient: a 效率低的；inefficiency : n; effective: a 有效果的
1). He has done much to increase the ____ of English teaching.
2). She is very _____ in reducing waste.
3). His ____ study method caused his failure.
4). The city government took some _____ measures to reduce unemployment.
Answers: efficiency, efficient; inefficient, effective
2. increasingly: ad不断增加地， 由此可以联想到： increase：v 增加; increasing: a 不断增加的; decrease: v减少；
1). Drinking and smoking among young people _____ to an alarming extent.
2). The truth is becoming ______ apparent.
3). The ____ friendly relations between the two countries strengthen the cultural exchanges between them.
3. prevalent: a 流行的，普通的 = popular
4. calculator : n 计算者，计算器，calculate: v 计算；calculation : n 计算; calculating: a 诡计多端的
5. expose: v 使暴露，揭露，揭发，exposure: n; expose sb to sth让某人接触。。。
6. completion: n 完成、结束，由此可以联想到：
complete: v完成，a 完整的，completeness: n 完整；incomplete: a 不完整的
1). He ____ denied the existence of god.
2). He has never ____ a project on time.
3). Money will be paid half in advance and half on _______.
4). When will the new railway ________?
7). intensity : n 强烈、剧烈，由此可以联想到：
intense = strong: a 强烈的, intensive: a 密集的，加强的；intensify: v 加强；intension: n 强烈、紧张。
1). We should ____ the struggle for peace.
2). There are few strong situations or moments of dramatic ______.
3). They have been receiving a four-day ____ training course.
4). They kept working in the ____ heat.
Answers: intensify, intensity, intensive, intense
8. defective : a 有缺点的，defect: n 缺点
9. assemble: v 集合、装配； assembly: n 装配
10. expose sth/sb to sth:暴露，面临、遭受
1). People often expose their skin to the sun in summer.
2). I won't expose my soldiers to such unnecessary risks.
11. in that: 在于，因为
1). I like the country better in that it is closer to nature.
12. in question: 正被谈论的，正被考虑的(通常放在被修饰名词后面)
We know nothing about the plan in question.