高中英语定语从句和名词性从句综合训练
名词从句
名词从句有四类:宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如:
宾语从句:I don’t know where he will go.
主语从句:Where he will go is unknown.
表语从句:The problem is how we can get so much money.
同位语从句:We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.
下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的:
1. whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意,(即引导宾语从句时if和whether 可以互换)但以下几种名词从句要用whether(不用if)引导:
(1) 引导主语从句,且在句首时。例:Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但 It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).
(2) 引导表语从句时。例The problem is whether he can get a job.
(3) 引导同位语从句时。例:I have no idea whether he will come.
(4) 介词后的whether从句。例:I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
2. 位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。
例如:That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.
3. 在“The reason why…is that…”句式中that不要误为because.
例如:The reason why he didn t go to school yesterday is that he was ill.
4. 名词从句中that,what用法比较:
引导名词从句的that是连词,在句中无成份,无意义,而what是连接代词,what=the thing(s) that.
例如:It was told in yesterday
by the factory. 无意义 the things(that)
I know that he will study. 和 I know what he will study.
That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all. 和 What he works hard at is known to us all.
5. 名词从句都是陈述语序。I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.
名词从句考点分析
1.They want to know ______ do to help us.
A. what they can B. how they can C. how can they D. what can they
析:此题要选陈述语序项,故应排除C、D。又因how they can do不完整,do后无宾 语,故也应排除,只有A项既是陈述语序,且what they can do完整正确地表达出“他 们能做些什么”这一意思,故答案为A。
2.His teacher ______ he ______ bright and ______ he was worth teaching.
A.didn’t think;was;that B.thought;was;whether C.didn’t think;was;× D.thought;wasn´t;× 析:观察题目,可知think后跟有and连接的两个并列宾语从句,这时前一个宾语从句的引导语that可以省略,但引导后一宾语从句的that不可省略,据此,可排除C、D两个选项。若选B项,全句意思不通,而选择A项可表达“他的老师认为他不聪明,不值得教”这一意思,且语法结构无误,故可定A是正确答案。
3.______ is done cannot be undone. A.How B.That C.What D.Where
析:do一般作及物动词使用,从题干看,需选一词作主语(逻辑上是done的宾语)。
而A.How,D.Where均是副词,不能作主语,故应排除。B项that一词只能在定语从句中作主
语,不能在主语从句中作主语,也应排除。只有选what(=the thing that),才能正确表述“凡是做的不可不做”这一意思。
4.Take care ______ you don´t make mistakes in the coming exam.
A.of that B.about that C.for what D.that
析:take care是“注意”、“当心”意,后面可跟that引导的宾语从句来表达“当心 不要„”意思,据此,该题应选D。
5.To his surprise,the umbrella was not ___ he had put. A.which B.where C.the place D.that 析: was not后是表语,根据where在表语从句中相当于in/at the place where,将其置于空白处则可表达“伞不在他当初放的地方”意思,而C选项缺少词,不可选。A、D项皆不合用。
6.__ we can´t get seems better than __ we have.
A.what;what B.what;that C.that;that D.that;what
析:此题显然是要表达“我们得不到的东西似乎比我们得到的东西好。”这一意思,即“A seems better that B”结构,根据what=the thing(s) that这一特点,将其置于两空白处正好可以表达出前者比后者好这一意思,故答案为A。
7.____ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 析:此题depends前的主语从句是一个不肯定的内容,在句首表“是否”意时,只能用Whether,不可用If。故答案为B。
8.______ they are most interested in is _____ they can produce more and better cars.
A.That;how B.What;how C.What;what D.That;that
析:is前面是一个主语从句,要表达“他们最感兴趣的(东西)”这一意思,只能选what填入空白;is是表语从句,显然只有选how才能表达“如何生产更多更好的汽车”,故答案为B。
9.He made a suggestion that the English test ______ until next Wednesday.
A.will be put off B.be put off C.will put off D.put off
析:suggestion,order,adivce等词后的同位语从句谓语要用(should)do的形式,且该句中test与put off为被动关系,故选B。
10.I don´t think __ he said something like that is right. A.that B.what C.whether D.when 析:此句think后是一宾语从句,这个宾语从句的主语在is之前,它是一个被动句。
因为he said something like that已经含有主、谓、宾、状等成分,只有选不表意义,不做成分的that才合适,故选A。
定语从句 一、 定语从句与引导词
定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,
二、 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合
1. 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合
1) 当先行词既包括人又包括物时:He talked about the men and the books that attracted him.
2) 指物的先行词被any, every, only, very, all, no等修饰时:These are the very points that interest me./That´s the only watch that I like most.
3) 指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时:The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me.
4) 先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等时:There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need?
5) 先行词是who时:Who that have seen him does not like him?
2. 不用that的场合如下:1)非限制性定语从句中 Last night ,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long March .
2)介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I learnt the news
3)句中出现了that,或先行词是that时 I have found that which I was looking for.
四、“介词+关系代词”用法
1. 介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配,例如:Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with„是习惯性搭配)
2. 介词常受先行词的制约(即介词和先行词的搭配),例如:He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope)
3. 当关系代词作“动词+介词”固定短语的宾语时,此时因定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。例如:This is the watch which you´re looking for./He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.
定语从句考点分析
1. The best work ______ Luxun wrote and ______ I have read has been made into a film.
A.which;that B.that;× C.×;that D.×;×
如两个定语从句并列,关系代词作宾语时前一句的可以省略,但后一句的不可省略,故选C。
2. It was in 1969 ______ two Americans got to the moon by space ship.
It was 1969 ______ two Amerians got to the moon by space ship.
A.when B.which C.that D.×
析:第一句是强调时间in 1969,强调结构是“It was+强调部分+that句”,故应选C。第二句It是表时间的,先行词1969在从句中作状语,故选A。
3. Is this the house ______ Shakespeare was born?A.at which B.which C.in which D.at where 析:空白处只有填in which或where才能表达“这是莎士比亚出生的房子吗?”为C。
4. Is this house ___ Shakespeare was born? A.where B.which C.in which D.at which
析:将此句变为陈述句;This house is ______ Shakespeare was born.显然is后是一表语从句,只有选where(=the place where)才能表达“这是莎士比亚的出生地”这一意思,故答案为A。
5. In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help.
A.to whom B.of whom C.from whom D.that
析:“介词+关系代词”要考虑短语搭配或与先行搭配,这道题短语turn to有关,故选A。
6. The two things _____ they felt very proud were Jim´s gold watch and Della´s hair.
A.about which B.of which C.in which D.for which
析:涉及be/feel proud of短语,故答案为B。
7. Have you ever asked him the reason ______ may explain his being late.
A.why B.that C.for which D.what
析:此题易误选A、C,因为先行词是the reason,但细观察分析,定语从句缺少主语,所以答案是B。注意what不能引导定语从句。
8. Farming is difficult ______ there is no rain. A.where B.in place C.that D.the place where 析:因为difficult是形容词,故其后不是定语从句。这儿的空白处应填引导状语从句where(=in the place where),全句表达“在没有雨水的地方耕种困难”。这一意思,可见答案为A。
9. We need the same machine ______ in your factory.
A.which is being used B.as is being used C.that is being used D.as it is being used 析:根据“the same+先行词”后跟as引导定语从句的原则,可知答案为B。
10.______ the people,not things ______ are most important.
A.There are;who B.Those are;that C.It is;that D.It was;who
析:仔细观察分析题目,可知只有C构成强调句才有成立。当我们要检验视其为强调句的判断是否正确时,只要将“It is (或was)„that”这三个词去掉,剩下部分读起来正确无误,则证明判断是正确的,反之是错误的。此题如不填“It is„that”三词,句子是The people,not things are
most important.语义完整正确,说明选C是对的。