中南大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
Text1
MoneyspentonadvertisingismoneyspentaswellasanyIknowof.Itservesdirectlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,therebyestablishingafirmhomemarketandsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexportatcompetitiveprices.Bydrawingattentiontonewideasithelpsenormouslytoraisestandardsofliving.Byhelpingtoincreasedemanditensuresanincreasedneedforlabour,andisthereforeaneffectivewaytofightunemployment.Itlowersthecostsofmanyservices:withoutadvertisementsyourdailynewspaperwouldcostfourtimesasmuch,thepriceofyourtelevisionlicensewouldneedtobedoubled,andtravelbybusortubewouldcost20percentmore.
Andperhapsmostimportantofall,advertisingprovidesaGengduoyuanxiaowanzhengkaoboyingyuzhentijiqijiexiqinglianxiquanguomianfeizixundianhua:silinglingliuliubaliujiuqiba,huojiazixunqq:qiqierliuqibawusanqiguaranteeofreasonablevalueintheproductsandservicesyoubuy.Apartfromthefactthattwenty-sevenactsofParliamentgovernthetermsof
advertising,noregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproductthatfailstoliveuptothepromiseofhisadvertisements.Hemightfoolsomepeopleforalittlewhilethroughmisleadingadvertising.Hewillnotdosoforlong,formercifullythepublichasthegoodsensenottobuytheinferiorarticlemorethanonce.Ifyouseeanarticle
consistentlyadvertised,itisthesurestproofIknowthatthearticledoeswhatisclaimedforit,andthatitrepresentsgoodvalue.
AdvertisingdoesmoreforthematerialbenefitofthecommunitythananyotherforceIcanthinkof.
ThereisonemorepointIfeelIoughttotouchon.RecentlyIheardawell-knowntelevisionpersonalitydeclarethathewasagainstadvertisingbecauseitpersuadesratherthaninforms.Hewasdrawingexcessivelyfinedistinctions.Ofcourseadvertisingseekstopersuade.
Ifitsmessagewereconfinedmerelytoinformation--andthatinitselfwouldbedifficultifnotimpossibletoachieve,forevenadetailsuchasthechoiceofthecolourofashirtissubtlypersuasive--advertisingwouldbesoboringthatnoonewouldpayanyattention.Butperhapsthatiswhatthewell-knowntelevisionpersonalitywants.
1.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat________.
[A]heisfairlyfamiliarwiththecostofadvertising
[B]everybodyknowswellthatadvertisingismoneyconsuming
[C]advertisingcostsmoneylikeeverythingelse(D)
[D]itisworthwhiletospendmoneyonadvertising
2.Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTincludedintheadvantagesofadvertising?
[A]Securinggreaterfame.
[C]Enhancinglivingstandards.
[B]Providingmorejobs.(A)
[D]Reducingnewspapercost.
3.Theauthordeemsthatthewell-knownTVpersonalityis________.
[A]verypreciseinpassinghisjudgmentonadvertising
[B]interestedinnothingbutthebuyers’attention
[C]correctintellingthedifferencebetweenpersuasionandinformation(D)
[D]obviouslypartialinhisviewsonadvertising
4.Intheauthor’sopinion,________.
[A]advertisingcanseldombringmaterialbenefittomanbyprovidinginformation
[B]advertisinginformspeopleofnewideasratherthanwinsthemover
[C]thereisnothingwrongwithadvertisinginpersuadingthebuyer(C)
[D]thebuyerisnotinterestedingettinginformationfromanadvertisement
Text2
Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasaprocess.Peoplehavegenerallyviewedpersonalgrowthasanexternalresultorproductthatcaneasilybeidentifiedandmeasured.Theworkerwhogetsapromotion,thestudentwhosegradesimprove,
theforeignerwholearnsanewlanguage--alltheseareexamplesofpeoplewhohavemeasurableresultstoshowfortheirefforts.
Bycontrast,theprocessofpersonalgrowthismuchmoredifficulttodetermine,sincebydefinitionitisajourneyandnotthespecificsignpostsorlandmarksalongtheway.Theprocessisnottheroaditself,butrathertheattitudesandfeelingspeoplehave,theircautionorcourage,astheyencounternewexperiencesandunexpectedobstacles.Inthisprocess,thejourneyneverreallyends;therearealwaysnewwaystoexperiencetheworld,newideastotry,newchallengestoaccept.
Inordertogrow,totravelnewroads,peopleneedtohaveawillingnesstotakerisks,toconfronttheunknown,andtoacceptthepossibilitythattheymay“fail”atfirst.Howweseeourselvesaswetryanewwayofbeingisessentialtoourabilitytogrow.Doweperceiveourselvesasquickandcurious?Ifso,thenwetendtotakemorechancesandtobemoreopentounfamiliarexperiences.Dowethinkwe’reshyandindecisive?Thenoursenseoftimiditycancauseustohesitate,tomoveslowly,andnottotakeastepuntilweknowthegroundissafe.Dowethinkwe’reslowtoadapttochangeorthatwe’renotsmartenoughtocopewithanewchallenge?Thenwearelikelytotakeamorepassiveroleornottryatall.
Thesefeelingsofinsecurityandself-doubtarebothunavoidableandnecessaryifwearetochangeandgrow.Ifwedonotconfrontandovercometheseinternalfearsanddoubts,ifweprotectourselvestoo
much,thenweceasetogrow.Webecometrappedinsideashellofourownmaking.
5.Apersonisgenerallybelievedtoachievepersonalgrowthwhen________.
[A]hehasgivenuphissmokinghabit
[B]hehasmadegreateffortsinhiswork
[C]heiskeenonleaninganythingnew(A)
[D]hehastriedtodeterminewhereheisonhisjourney
6.Intheauthor’seyes,onewhoviewspersonalgrowthasaprocesswould________.
[A]succeedinclimbingupthesocialladder
[B]judgehisabilitytogrowfromhisownachievements
[C]facedifficultiesandtakeupchallenges(C)
[D]aimhighandreachhisgoaleachtime
7.Whentheauthorsays“anewwayofbeing”(line2~3,Para.
3)heisreferringto________.
[A]anewapproachtoexperiencingtheworld
[C]anewmethodofperceivingourselves
[B]anewwayoftakingrisks(A)
[D]anewsystemofadaptationtochange
8.Forpersonalgrowth,theauthoradvocatesallofthefollowingexcept________.
[A]curiosityaboutmorechances
[C]open-mindednesstonewexperiences
[B]promptnessinself-adaptation(D)
[D]avoidanceofinternalfearsanddoubts
Text3
Insuchachanging,complexsocietyformerlysimplesolutionstoinformationalneedsbecomecomplicated.Manyoflife’sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembers,friendsorcolleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.Wheretoturnforexpertinformationandhowtodeterminewhichexpertadvicetoacceptarequestionsfacingmanypeopletoday.
Inadditiontothis,thereisthegrowingmobilityofpeoplesinceWorldWarII.Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.Thealmostunconsciousflowofinformationaboutthesimplestaspectsoflivingcanbecutoff.Thus,thingsoncelearnedsubconsciouslythroughthecasualcommunicationsoftheextendedfamilymustbeconsciouslylearned.
Addingtosocietalchangestodayisanenormousstockpileofinformation.Theindividualnowhasmoreinformationavailablethananygeneration,andthetaskoffindingthatonepieceofinformationrelevanttohisorherspecificproblemiscomplicated,
time-consumingandsometimesevenoverwhelming.
Coupledwiththegrowingquantityofinformationisthe
developmentoftechnologieswhichenablethestorageanddeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreaterspeedtomorelocationsthanhaseverbeenpossiblebefore.Computertechnologymakesitpossibletostorevastamountsofdatainmachine-readablefiles,andtoprogramcomputerstolocatespecificinformation.Telecommunications
developmentsenablethesendingofmessagesviatelevision,radio,andveryshortly,electronicmailtobombardpeoplewithmultitudesofmessages.Satelliteshaveextendedthepowerofcommunicationstoreporteventsattheinstantofoccurrence.Expertisecanbesharedworldwidethroughteleconferencing,andproblemsindisputecanbesettledwithouttheparticipantsleavingtheirhomesand/orjobstotraveltoadistantconferencesite.Technologyhasfacilitatedthesharingofinformationandthestorageanddeliveryofinformation,thusmakingmoreinformationavailabletomorepeople.
Inthisworldofchangeandcomplexity,theneedforinformationisofgreatestimportance.Thosepeoplewhohaveaccurate,reliableup-to-dateinformationtosolvetheday-to-dayproblems,thecriticalproblemsoftheirbusiness,socialandfamilylife,willsurviveandsucceed.“Knowledgeispower”maywellbethetruestsayingandaccesstoinformationmaybethemostcriticalrequirementofallpeople.
9.Theword“it”(line3,Para.2)mostprobablyrefersto________.
[A]thelackofstablecommunities
[B]thebreakdownofinformalinformationchannels
[C]theincreasedmobilityoffamilies(B)
[D]thegrowingnumberofpeoplemovingfromplacetoplace
10.Themainproblempeoplemayencountertodayarisesfromthefactthat________.
[A]theyhavetolearnnewthingsconsciously
[B]theylacktheconfidenceofsecuringreliableandtrustworthyinformation
[C]theyhavedifficultyobtainingtheneededinformationreadily(C)
[D]theycanhardlycarryoutcasualcommunicationswithanextendedfamily
11.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat________.
[A]electronicmailwillsoonplayadominantroleintransmittingmessages
[B]itwillbecomemoredifficultforpeopletokeepsecretsinaninformationera
[C]peoplewillspendlesstimeholdingmeetingsor
conferences(A)
[D]eventswillbereportedonthespotmainlythroughsatellites
12.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat________.
[A]itisnecessarytoobtainasmuchknowledgeaspossible
[B]peopleshouldmakethebestuseoftheinformation
[C]weshouldrealizetheimportanceofaccumulating
information(D)
[D]itisofvitalimportancetoacquireneededinformationefficiently
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