巴西利卡对基督教建筑空间文化的影响
Basilica of the cultural influence of the Christian building space
禤启光
Xuan qi guang
（暨南大学理工学院）
(Institute of Technology jinan university)
[摘要]:基督教沿用了罗马巴西利卡的建筑布局来建造教堂,教堂建筑是源于巴西利卡, 设计者也为了基督教表达出无阶级、敬畏神、被神庇护、想念天国等等不同理论的空间，表达出基督教情感浓厚的精神色彩。
[Abstract]: Christianity followed the Roman Bacilli card layout to build the church building, church building is from the Basilica, the designer is to create a classless Christian, God-fearing, sheltered by God, the kingdom of heaven, and so miss the different theories of space, the expression a strong spirit of Christianity emotional color.
[关键词]: 基督教、教堂、空间、巴西利卡
[Keywords]: Jesus, Christianity, cross, church, space
巴西利卡，是晚期（16世纪下半叶）以维晋寨为中心，文艺复兴重要建筑师帕拉第奥的重要作品之一。
早期的基督教堂几乎全部是参照巴西利卡的建筑方式建造的。巴西利卡在古罗马是法庭，是可以供多人聚会的大空间结构，可满足基督教所要的这种平等且无差别的空间。中间的中厅最宽，也最高，两侧的侧廊则比较低和比较窄。纵向一条直线空间，强调了对上帝的敬畏，是人进行活动过程的视觉中心，与上帝面对面的视觉。其终端是供奉圣坛的半圆形龛，象征为神对百姓的庇护。
这些教堂的内部往往铺有非常豪华的马赛克，但是外部却非常简朴，只有巨大的窗打破了它们的阴森的感觉，表达出神希望教堂在不洁的世界里能够圣洁的，同时也表达人应该从不洁的世界中认罪回到上帝那里。
在艺术史和建筑史中巴西利卡这个词仅指按照早期教堂建筑设立的教堂建筑。其中中厅必须高出侧廊，在侧廊的顶部和中厅的顶部之间还要有一段直立的带有明窗的墙。没有明窗的教堂被称为“假巴西利卡”。除一般的只有一个厅的教堂和中厅与侧廊一样高的教堂外巴西利卡是欧洲直到15世纪（在阿尔卑斯山脉以北直到16世纪）最常见的教堂建筑格式。
今天虽然这与这些教堂的实际建筑格式无关，在罗马教廷的术语中巴西利卡是授予拥有特殊地位的大教堂的称号。
Basilica is the late (second half 16th century) to Victoria Jin Village as the center, an important Renaissance architect Palladio's most important works.
Almost all the early Christian Church with reference to the construction method Basilica built. Basilica in Rome is the court, is for people to meet the large space structures, to meet such a Christian to be equal and undifferentiated space. Widest in the middle of the hall, but also the highest, both sides of the aisle is relatively low and relatively narrow. A straight line vertical space, emphasizing the fear of God, is the process of human visual center activities, face to face vision of God. The terminal is semi-circular shrine dedicated to the
altar, a symbol of refuge for the people of God.
The church interior is often covered with a very luxurious mosaic, but the external is very simple, only the huge windows to break their gloomy feeling, expressing hope that the church lost in the dirty world that is holy, people should also express pleaded guilty back in the dirty world of God there.
In art history and architectural history of the word refers only to the Basilica of early church architecture in accordance with the establishment of the church building. Which must be higher than the aisle in the hall, in the aisle of the top and also between the top of the atrium there is a vertical wall with a clear window？ There is no clear window of the church is called "false Basilica." In addition to general only a hall and the hall and the church aisle as high church basilica in Europe until the 15th century (in the north of the Alps until the 16th century) the most common form of church buildings.
Although this church today, the actual construction of these formats has nothing to do, the Holy See in Rome in the Basilica is the term has a special status granted to the cathedral in the title.