机械工程及自动化专业
毕业设计指导书
中国矿业大学成人教育学院
2010年2月（专科）
摘 要
在采煤工作面煤炭生产过程中 ，为了防止顶板冒落，维持一定的工作空间，保证工人安全和各项工作的正常运行，必须对顶板进行支护。而液压支架是以高压液体用为动力，由液压元件与金属构件组成支护控制顶板的设备，它能实现支撑、切顶、移架和推移输送机等一整套工序，实践表明液压支架具有支护性能好、强度高、移架速度快，安全可靠等优点。液压支架与可弯曲输送机和采煤炭机组成综合机械化采煤设备，它的应用对增加采煤工作面产量、提高劳动生产率，降低成本，减轻工人体力劳动和保证安全生产是不可缺少的有效措施。因此液压支架是技术上先进，经济上合理，安全上可靠、是实现采煤综合机械自动化不可缺少的主要设备。
我所做的设计是液压支架总体设计和主要部件设计，本设计首先对液压支架整体和零部件结构进行分析，对液压支架结构尺寸进行综合分析，再对液压支架进行受力分析和强度计算。重点是对液压支架顶梁的受力分析和计算；用计算机计算液压支架受力；对顶梁、掩护梁、立柱进行强度校核。通过设计对液压支架整体和主要部件有了清楚的认识，掌握了用CAD绘图的技巧。
关键词：液压支架 ；支护性能 ；采煤设备
Abstract
In the coal face Coal production in the coal face，In order to prevent the roof falling maintain a certain room to work，ensure the workers safety，and the normal operation of all the work, must be carried out on the roof support. But the stent is a high-pressure hydraulic fluid used as a driving force, the supporting the roof control equipment is composed of hydraulic components and metal structures, it can realize the support, cutting the top, and shift-over conveyor, and so on a set of processes, practice shows that the hydraulic support a good supporting performance, high-intensity, fast-shifting, the advantages of safe and reliable. Hydraulic support and flexible conveyor and coal-mining mechanization of integrated coal mining equipment its application by the coal face-production, raising labor productivity, lower costs, reduce manual workers and guarantee safe production is indispensable for effective measures. Therefore hydraulic support is technically advanced and economically rational, security, reliability, is to achieve comprehensive mining machinery automation indispensable for major equipment.
The topic of this design is The Overall Design for the Support and Support Cover Hydraulic Support And the Design for the Major Parts.In the design,first of all， I analysised overall of hydraulic support , structure and structure size of the parts.Then I analysised stress and calculated intensity. The most important was that I analysised and Calculated the force of Top beam; Calculated the foece of hydraulic support by Computer program; checked the intensity of top beam, beam cover and column. There was a clear understanding of the overall Hydraulic Support and the major parts through the design. Mastered the techniques of the use of AutoCAD.
Keywords : Hydraulic Support ; Supporting performance ;Mining equipment
目 录
摘 要 ......................................................................................................................................................... 1
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................... 2
目 录 ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
第一章 绪论 ................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1液压支架的发展概况 .......................................................................................................................... 5
1.1.1液压支架使用现状 ....................................................................................................................... 5
1.1.2液压支架的发展趋势 ................................................................................................................... 5
1.1.3我国液压支架的状况 ................................................................................................................... 6
1.2液压支架的分类 .................................................................................................................................. 6
1.3液压支架的工作原理 .......................................................................................................................... 7
1.3.1 液压支架的用途 .......................................................................................................................... 7
1.3.2液压支架的动作原理及它的特性曲线形式 ............................................................................... 7
1.4设计目的与设计要求 .......................................................................................................................... 9
1.4.1 液压支架的设计目的 .................................................................................................................. 9
1.4.2 设计时对液压支架的基本要求 .................................................................................................. 9
第2章 液压支架的结构 ............................................................................................................................. 10
2.1液压支架的整体结构 ........................................................................................................................ 10
2.2液压支架各部件的结构 .................................................................................................................... 10
2.2.1顶梁的结构................................................................................................................................. 10
2.2.3 四连杆机构的结构 .................................................................................................................... 12
2.2.4侧护板的结构型式 ..................................................................................................................... 13
2.2.5底座的结构型式 ......................................................................................................................... 13
2.2.6顶梁和掩护梁侧护板上的侧推千斤顶和弹簧筒的组成 ......................................................... 16
2.2.7防倒防滑装置的结构 ................................................................................................................. 16
2.2.8掩护梁和底座的连接型式 ......................................................................................................... 16
2.2.9立柱的结构................................................................................................................................. 17
2.2.10千斤顶 ...................................................................................................................................... 18
第3章 液压支架的选型原则 ..................................................................................................................... 20
3.1影响架型选择的因素 ........................................................................................................................ 20
3.2液压支架的选型过程 ........................................................................................................................ 20
3.3液压支架支撑力分布与承载的关系 ................................................................................................. 22
3.3.1支撑式液压支架的支撑力分布与承载的关系及适用范围 ..................................................... 22
3.3.2掩护式液压支架的支撑力分布与承载的关系及适用范围 ..................................................... 24
3.3.3支撑掩护式液压支架的支撑力分布与承载的关系及适用范围 ............................................. 25
第4章 液压支架的结构尺寸设计 ............................................................................................................. 26
4.1设计液压支架必需的基本参数......................................................................................................... 26
4.2液压支架的参数确定 ........................................................................................................................ 26
4.2.1 液压支架的高度确定 ................................................................................................................ 26
4.2.2 支架的伸缩比和单位缸长行程的确定 .................................................................................... 26
4.2.3支架的间距确定 ......................................................................................................................... 27
4.2.4 底座长度的确定 ........................................................................................................................ 27
4.2.5 用几何作图法来设计四连杆机构 ............................................................................................ 27
4.2.6顶梁参数的确定 ......................................................................................................................... 29
4.2.7立柱位置的确定 ......................................................................................................................... 29
4.2.8平衡千斤顶的位置和行程的确定 ............................................................................................. 31
4.2.9侧推千斤顶的控制方式和位置的确定 ..................................................................................... 34
4.2.10通风断面的验算 ....................................................................................................................... 34
第5章 支架液压系统 ................................................................................................................................. 36
结 论 ....................................................................................................................................................... 37
参考文献 ....................................................................................................................................................... 38
致 谢 ....................................................................................................................................................... 39